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For regime-switching diffusions processes with singular drifts, we introduce integrability conditions involving a nice reference probability measure and the $Q$-matrix of the jump part to study the existence of the invariant probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-29 Shao-Qin Zhang

We tackle the problem of conditioning probabilistic programs on distributions of observable variables. Probabilistic programs are usually conditioned on samples from the joint data distribution, which we refer to as deterministic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 David Tolpin , Yuan Zhou , Tom Rainforth , Hongseok Yang

We study the question, ``For which reals $x$ does there exist a measure $\mu$ such that $x$ is random relative to $\mu$?'' We show that for every nonrecursive $x$, there is a measure which makes $x$ random without concentrating on $x$. We…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-07-11 Jan Reimann , Theodore Slaman

We present a general procedure for obtaining the present density fluctuation probability distribution given the statistics of the initial conditions. The main difficulties faced with regard to this problem are those related to the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 J. Betancort-Rijo , M. Lopez-Corredoira

In this article, after recalling and discussing the conventional extremality, local extremality, stationarity and approximate stationarity properties of collections of sets and the corresponding (extended) extremal principle, we focus on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-15 Hoa T. Bui , Alexander Y. Kruger

For a minimal diffusion process on $ (a,b) $, any possible extension of it to a standard process on $ [a,b] $ is characterized by the characteristic measures of excursions away from the boundary points $ a $ and $ b $. The generator of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-03 Kouji Yano

In this paper, we establish the existence of the efficient solutions for polynomial vector optimization problems on a nonempty closed constraint set without any convexity and compactness assumptions. We first introduce the relative…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Danyang Liu

Probabilistic conditioning is concerned with the identification of a distribution of a random variable $X$ given a random variable $Y$. It is a cornerstone of scientific and engineering applications where modeling uncertainty is key. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Panos Tsimpos , Edoardo Calvello , Ayoub Belhadji , Nicholas H. Nelsen

Using the language of regular variation, we give a sufficient condition for a point process to be in the superposition domain of attraction of a strictly stable point process. This sufficient condition is then used to obtain an explicit…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-01-27 Ayan Bhattacharya , Rajat Subhra Hazra , Parthanil Roy

There are two basic ways of weakening the definition of the well-known metric regularity property by fixing one of the points involved in the definition. The first resulting property is called metric subregularity and has attracted a lot of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-22 R. Cibulka , M. Fabian , A. Y. Kruger

We give necessary and sufficient criteria for a distribution to be smooth or uniformly H\"{o}lder continuous in terms of approximation sequences by smooth functions; in particular, in terms of those arising as regularizations…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-05-02 Stevan Pilipovic , Dimitris Scarpalezos , Jasson Vindas

This paper is about the existence and regularity of the transition probability matrix of a nonhomogeneous continuous-time Markov process with a countable state space. A standard approach to prove the existence of such a transition matrix is…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-04-29 Liuer Ye , Xianping Guo , Onésimo Hernández-Lerma

We consider processes which are functions of finite-state Markov chains. It is well known that such processes are rarely Markov. However, such processes are often regular in the following sense: the distant past values of the process have…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Steven Berghout , Evgeny Verbitskiy

Certain extremum estimators have asymptotic distributions that are non-Gaussian, yet characterizable as the distribution of the $\argmax$ of a Gaussian process. This paper presents high-level sufficient conditions under which such…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-24 Matias D. Cattaneo , Gregory Fletcher Cox , Michael Jansson , Kenichi Nagasawa

While supporting the execution of business processes, information systems record event logs. Conformance checking relies on these logs to analyze whether the recorded behavior of a process conforms to the behavior of a normative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Han van der Aa , Henrik Leopold , Matthias Weidlich

The wrapped normal distribution arises when a the density of a one-dimensional normal distribution is wrapped around the circle infinitely many times. At first look, evaluation of its probability density function appears tedious as an…

Computation · Statistics 2018-01-01 Gerhard Kurz , Igor Gilitschenski , Uwe D. Hanebeck

We review approaches to statistical inference based on randomization. Permutation tests are treated as an important special case. Under a certain group invariance property, referred to as the ``randomization hypothesis,'' randomization…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-05 David M. Ritzwoller , Joseph P. Romano , Azeem M. Shaikh

We consider probability distributions with constant rate on partially ordered sets, generalizing distributions in the usual reliability setting that have constant failure rate. In spite of the minimal algebraic structure, there is a…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-04-08 Kyle Siegrist

This paper presents a sharp approximation of the density of long runs of a random walk conditioned on its end value or by an average of a function of its summands as their number tends to infinity. In the large deviation range of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-09-08 Michel Broniatowski , Virgile Caron

Symmetry plays a central role in the sciences, machine learning, and statistics. While statistical tests for the presence of distributional invariance with respect to groups have a long history, tests for conditional symmetry in the form of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Kenny Chiu , Alex Sharp , Benjamin Bloem-Reddy