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The effective evolution of an inhomogeneous universe model in Einstein's theory of gravitation may be described in terms of spatially averaged scalar variables. This evolution can be modeled by solutions of a set of Friedmann equations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-25 Thomas Buchert

A common approach in physics and mathematics is to extend and modify theories and frameworks by considering what is often described as a `natural' extension or modification by including higher-order terms or by introducing other…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Christian G. Boehmer , Eissa Al-Nasrallah

In this paper, we study the main cosmological properties of the classical Friedmann equations in the case of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe and we also generalized the expression of the Friedmann equation in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-13 S. Chattopadhyay , A. Ashurov , M. Khurshudyan , K. Myrzakulov , A. Pasqua , R. Myrzakulov

We present new exact inhomogeneous vacuum cosmological solutions of Einstein's equations. They provide new information about the nature of general cosmological solutions to Einstein's equations.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 John D. Barrow , Kerstin E. Kunze

A model of the universe as a very large white hole provides a useful alternative inhomogeneous theory to pit against the homogeneous standard FLRW big bang models. The white hole would have to be sufficiently large that we can fit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Philip Gibbs

Most cosmological data analysis today relies on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, providing the basis of the current standard cosmological model. Within this framework, interesting tensions between our increasingly…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-01 Hayley J. Macpherson , Asta Heinesen

In the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology, inhomogeneous models are usually quantized by means of a hybrid approach that combines loop quantization techniques with standard quantum field theory methods. This approach is based on a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-23 B. Elizaga Navascués , M. Martín-Benito , G. A. Mena Marugán

A scale-dependent cosmology is proposed in which the Robertson-Walker metric and the Einstein equation are modified in such a way that $\Omega_0$, $H_0$ and the age of the Universe all become scale-dependent. Its implications on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 C. W. Kim , T. H. Lee , J. Song

We reexamine the possibility of the detection of the cosmic topology in nearly flat hyperbolic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universes by using patterns repetition. We update and extend our recent results in two important ways:…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 G. I. Gomero , M. J. Reboucas , R. Tavakol

The cosmographic approach, which only relies upon the homogeneity and isotropy of the Universe on large scales, has become an essential tool in dealing with an increasing number of theoretical possibilities for explaining the late-time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-26 Alvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz

The Cosmological Principle (CP) -- the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and homogeneous on large scales -- underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is conventionally formulated through the…

We employ recently developed approximation methods in the hybrid quantization of the Gowdy $T^3$ model with linear polarization and a massless scalar field to obtain physically interesting solutions of this inhomogeneous cosmology. More…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-22 Beatriz Elizaga Navascués , Mercedes Martín-Benito , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán

Cosmology is built on a relativistic understanding of gravity, where the geometry of the Universe is dynamically determined by matter and energy. In the cosmological concordance model, gravity is described by General Relativity, and it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-26 Theodore Anton

The assumption of a flat Universe that follows the cosmological principle, i.e., that the universe is statistically homogeneous and isotropic at large scales, comprises one of the core foundations of the standard cosmological model --…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-24 Mariana L. S. Dias , Antônio F. B. da Cunha , Carlos A. P. Bengaly , Rodrigo S. Gonçalves , Jonathan Morais

Within the framework of an exact general relativistic formulation of gluing manifolds, we consider the problem of matching an inhomogeneous overdense region to a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background universe in the general spherical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Samad Khakshournia , Reza Mansouri

A complete quantization of a homogeneous and isotropic spacetime with closed spatial sections coupled to a massive scalar field is provided, within the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology. We identify solutions with their initial data on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-31 Mikel Fernández-Méndez , Guillermo A. Mena Marugán , Javier Olmedo

We reanalyze the supernovae data from the Union Compilation including the weak lensing effects caused by inhomogeneities. We compute the lensing probability distribution function for each background solution described by the parameters…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-17 Luca Amendola , Kimmo Kainulainen , Valerio Marra , Miguel Quartin

Parameters that quantify the acceleration of cosmic expansion are conventionally determined within the standard Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model, which fixes spatial curvature to be homogeneous. Generic averages of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-15 Lawrence H. Dam , Asta Heinesen , David L. Wiltshire

We review the study of inhomogeneous perturbations about a homogeneous and isotropic background cosmology. We adopt a coordinate based approach, but give geometrical interpretations of metric perturbations in terms of the expansion, shear…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-23 Karim A. Malik , David Wands

The methods of mode decomposition and Fourier analysis of classical and quantum fields on curved spacetimes previously available mainly for the scalar field on Friedman- Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetimes are extended to arbitrary vector…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-29 Zhirayr G. Avetisyan