Related papers: Indefinite Morse 2-functions; broken fibrations an…
We discuss generic smooth maps from smooth manifolds to smooth surfaces, which we call "Morse 2-functions", and homotopies between such maps. The two central issues are to keep the fibers connected, in which case the Morse 2-function is…
A Morse 2-function is a generic smooth map from a manifold M of arbitrary finite dimension to a surface B. Its critical set maps to an immersed collection of cusped arcs in B. The aim of this paper is to explain exactly when it is possible…
We present explicit algorithms for simplifying the topology of indefinite fibrations on 4-manifolds, which include broken Lefschetz fibrations and indefinite Morse 2-functions. The algorithms consist of sequences of moves, which modify…
In the 1950s Morse defined the analogue of Morse functions for topological manifolds. In many instances, when mathematicians are using techniques on topological manifolds that appear to be Morse-theoretic in nature, there is a topological…
Work of numerous authors has shown that any smooth, orientable, closed 4-manifold may be described as a loop of Morse functions on a surface, a loop in the cut complex, a loop in the pants complex, or as a multisection. In this paper, we…
We show that for every complete Riemannian surface $M$ diffeomorphic to a sphere with $k \geq 0$ holes there exists a Morse function $f:M \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, which is constant on each connected component of the boundary of $M$ and has…
We give a Morse-theoretic characterization of simple closed geodesics on Riemannian $2$-spheres. On any Riemannian $2$-sphere endowed with a generic metric, we show there exists a simple closed geodesic with Morse index $1$, $2$ and $3$. In…
In studies of smooth maps with good differential topological conditions such as immersions, embeddings, Morse functions and their higher dimensional versions including fold maps and application to geometry, especially algebraic and…
A mathematical smooth function means that the function has continuous derivatives to a certain degree C(k). We call it a k-smooth function or a smooth function if k can grow infinitively. Based on quantum physics, there is no such smooth…
This paper studies the homotopy-type of bi-filtrations of compact manifolds induced as the pre-image of filtrations of the plane for generic smooth functions f : M --> R^2. The primary goal of the paper is to allow for a simple description…
This note exhibits singular fibrations over the 2-sphere whose regular fibers are connected surfaces of arbitrarily high genus, but which admit no sections. These include achiral Lefschetz fibrations, as well as generic maps for which some…
Fold maps are fundamental tools in the theory of singularities of differentiable maps and its applications to geometry. They are higher dimensional variants of Morse functions. Classes of special generic maps and round fold maps are…
We prove that every closed oriented smooth 4-manifold X admits a broken Lefschetz fibration (aka singular Lefschetz fibration) over the 2-sphere. Given any closed orientable surface F of square zero in X, we can choose the fibration so that…
This paper is concerned with developing a 2-dimensional analogue of the notion of an ordinary discrete fibration. A definition is proposed, and it is shown that such discrete 2-fibrations correspond via a 2-equivalence to certain…
Motivated by the programmes initiated by Taubes and Perutz, we study the geometry of near-symplectic 4-manifolds, i.e., manifolds equipped with a closed 2-form which is symplectic outside a union of embedded 1-dimensional submanifolds, and…
It is known that an arbitrary smooth, oriented 4-manifold admits the structure of what is called a broken Lefschetz fibration. Given a broken fibration, there are certain modifications, realized as homotopies of the fibration map, that…
We describe an extension of Morse theory to smooth functions on compact Riemannian manifolds, without any nondegeneracy assumptions except that the critical locus must have only finitely many connected components.
An R_2-move is a homotopy of wrinkled fibrations which deforms images of indefinite fold singularities like Reidemeister move of type II. Variants of this move are contained in several important deformations of wrinkled fibrations, flip and…
In analogy with the vector bundle theory we define universal and strongly universal Lefschetz fibrations over bounded surfaces. After giving a characterization of these fibrations we construct very special strongly universal Lefschetz…
In this paper, we first give a new simple proof to the elimination theorem of definite fold by homotopy for generic smooth maps of manifolds of dimension strictly greater than $2$ into the $2$--sphere or into the real projective plane. Our…