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When a gravitational wave encounters a massive object along the line of sight, repeated copies of the original signal may be produced due to gravitational lensing. In this paper, we develop a series of new machine-learning based statistical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-09 Giulia Campailla , Marco Raveri , Wayne Hu , Jose María Ezquiaga

We develop a framework to describe gravitational wave propagation through a stochastic distribution of weak gravitational lenses beyond the geometric optics limit. We model the lens distribution as a static random background field and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-17 Ripalta Amoruso , Ginevra Braga , Alice Garoffolo , Francescopaolo Lopez , Nicola Bartolo , Sabino Matarrese

We discuss the LensClean algorithm which for a given gravitational lens model fits a source brightness distribution to interferometric radio data in a similar way as standard Clean does in the unlensed case. The lens model parameters can…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 O. Wucknitz

Strong Lensing is a powerful probe of the matter distribution in galaxies and clusters and a relevant tool for cosmography. Analyses of strong gravitational lenses with Deep Learning have become a popular approach due to these astronomical…

Modeling strong gravitational lenses in order to quantify the distortions in the images of background sources and to reconstruct the mass density in the foreground lenses has been a difficult computational challenge. As the quality of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-05 Alexandre Adam , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur , Yashar Hezaveh , Max Welling

Studies of strong gravitational lensing in current and upcoming wide and deep photometric surveys, and of stellar kinematics from (integral-field) spectroscopy at increasing redshifts, promise to provide valuable constraints on galaxy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Glenn van de Ven , Rachel Mandelbaum , Charles R. Keeton

Point estimators for the shearing of galaxy images induced by gravitational lensing involve a complex inverse problem in the presence of noise, pixelization, and model uncertainties. We present a probabilistic forward modeling approach to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-15 Michael D. Schneider , David W. Hogg , Philip J. Marshall , William A. Dawson , Joshua Meyers , Deborah J. Bard , Dustin Lang

To recognize gravitational wave lensing events and being able to differentiate between similar lens models will be of crucial importance once one will be observing several lensing events of gravitational waves per year. In this work, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-03 Paolo Cremonese , David F. Mota , Vincenzo Salzano

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy offers the potential to probe the wave-optics regime of gravitational lensing. Wave optics (WO) effects are relevant at low frequencies, when the wavelength is comparable to the characteristic lensing time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Giovanni Tambalo , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Liang Dai , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung

Matter near a gravitational lens galaxy or projected along the line of sight (LOS) can affect strong lensing observables by more than contemporary measurement errors. We simulate lens fields with realistic three-dimensional mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-12 Curtis McCully , Charles R. Keeton , Kenneth C. Wong , Ann I. Zabludoff

Gravitational waves (GWs) from distant sources such as inspiralling and merging stellar-mass compact binaries, intermediate-mass and supermassive-binary-black-hole can be gravitationally lensed by intervening objects, ranging from stars and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhiwei Chen , Youjun Lu

Gravitational waves (GWs) can be deflected, similarly to electromagnetic (EM) waves, by massive objects through the phenomenon of gravitational lensing. The importance of gravitational lensing for GW astronomy is becoming increasingly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-08 Eungwang Seo , Tjonnie Guan Feng Li , Martin Anthony Hendry

Gravitational waves (GWs) can be distorted by intervening mass distributions while propagating, leading to frequency-dependent modulations that imprint a distinct signature on the observed waveforms. Bayesian inference for GW lensing with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-15 Juno C. L. Chan , Lorena Magaña Zertuche , Jose María Ezquiaga , Rico K. L. Lo , Luka Vujeva , Joey Bowman

Multiple image gravitational lens systems, and especially quads are invaluable in determining the amount and distribution of mass in galaxies. This is usually done by mass modeling using parametric or free-form methods. An alternative way…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-10-28 Addishiwot G. Woldesenbet , Liliya L. R. Williams

When traveling from their source to the observer, gravitational waves can get deflected by massive objects along their travel path. When the lens is massive enough and the source aligns closely with the line-of-sight to the lens, the wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-28 Justin Janquart , Anupreeta More , Chris Van Den Broeck

Dynamical modelling of Integral-Field-Unit (IFU) stellar kinematics is a powerful tool to unveil the dynamical structure and mass build-up of galaxies in the local Universe, while gravitational lensing is nature's cosmic telescope to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-18 G. Chirivì , A. Yıldırım , S. H. Suyu , A. Halkola

A computer code is described for the simulation of gravitational lensing data. The code incorporates adaptive mesh refinement in choosing which rays to shoot based on the requirements of the source size, location and surface brightness…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-29 R. Benton Metcalf , Margarita Petkova

We simulate the effects of gravitational lensing on the source count of high redshift galaxies as projected to be observed by the Hubble Frontier Fields program and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the near future. Taking the mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Natalie Mashian , Abraham Loeb

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have a long history of over four decades. GAs are adaptive heuristic search algorithms that provide solutions for optimization and search problems. The GA derives expression from the biological terminology of…

Optics · Physics 2018-12-03 Kaspar Höschel , Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan

We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-09 Romy Hanang Setya Budhi