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We survey the diverse approaches to the notion of information content: from Shannon entropy to Kolmogorov complexity. The main applications of Kolmogorov complexity are presented namely, the mathematical notion of randomness (which goes…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-03 Marie Ferbus-Zanda , Serge Grigorieff

We demonstrate that the checkable/synthesisable split in bidirectional typechecking coincides with existing dualities in polarised System L, also known as polarised $\mu\tilde{\mu}$-calculus. Specifically, positive terms and negative…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zanzi Mihejevs , Jules Hedges

Let $\Gamma$ be a discrete group acting on a compact Hausdorff space $X$. Given $x\in X$, and $\mu\in\text{Prob}(X)$, we introduce the notion of contraction of $\mu$ towards $x$ with respect to unitary elements of a group von Neumann…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-10-09 Tattwamasi Amrutam , Jacopo Bassi

This manuscript proposes a probabilistic framework for algorithms that iteratively solve unconstrained linear problems $Bx = b$ with positive definite $B$ for $x$. The goal is to replace the point estimates returned by existing methods with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-16 Philipp Hennig

Conjugated gradients on the normal equation (CGNE) is a popular method to regularise linear inverse problems. The idea of the method can be summarised as minimising the residuum over a suitable Krylov subspace. It is shown that using the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Volker Grimm

In this paper, we study combinatorics of congruence subgroups of the modular group. More precisely, we consider the matrix equation that naturally arises in the theory of Coxeter friezes and investigate its irreducible solutions. We give…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-29 Flavien Mabilat

We present a novel framework for machine translation evaluation using neural networks in a pairwise setting, where the goal is to select the better translation from a pair of hypotheses, given the reference translation. In this framework,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Francisco Guzman , Shafiq Joty , Lluis Marquez , Preslav Nakov

This paper establishes the normalisation of natural deduction or lambda calculus formulation of Intuitionistic Non Commutative Logic --- which involves both commutative and non commutative connectives. This calculus first introduced by de…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-04 Maxime Amblard , Christian Retoré

After carefully checking the original Russian version of Kolmogorov (1942), in the present author view, both Spalding and Wilcox misinterpretations are due to the fact that they did not notice the two different symbols, which Kolmogorov…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-01-03 John Z. Shi

This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with cylindric plane partitions. The second with lambda-determinants and the third with commutators in semi-circular systems. For more detailed abstract please see inside.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Robin Langer

A new notion of an optimum first order calculi was introduced in [Borowiec, Kharchenko and Oziewicz, 1993]. A module of vector fields for a coordinate differential is defined. Some examples of optimal algebras for homogeneous bimodule…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 A. Borowiec , V. K. Kharchenko

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain neural model behaviour by reverse-engineering learned computational structure into human-understandable components. Without a formal framework, however, mechanistic explanations cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ward Gauderis , Thomas Dooms , Steven T. Holmer , Kola Ayonrinde , Geraint A. Wiggins

When undergraduates ask me what geometric group theorists study, I describe a theorem due to Gromov which relates the groups with an intrinsic geometry like that of the hyperbolic plane to those in which certain computations can be…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-08 Jon McCammond

We propose another interpretation of well-known derivatives computations from regular expressions, due to Brzozowski, Antimirov or Lombardy and Sakarovitch, in order to abstract the underlying data structures (e.g. sets or linear…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Samira Attou , Ludovic Mignot , Clément Miklarz , Florent Nicart

We show that a suitably chosen position-momentum commutator can elegantly describe many features of gravity, including the IR/UV correspondence and dimensional reduction (`holography'). Using the most simplistic example based on dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Mark G. Jackson

Mutual information I in infinite sequences (and in their finite prefixes) is essential in theoretical analysis of many situations. Yet its right definition has been elusive for a long time. I address it by generalizing Kolmogorov Complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Leonid A. Levin

Recently, a multigraviton theory on a simple closed circuit graph corresponding to the discretization of $S^1$ compactification of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) theory has been considered. In the present paper, we extend this theory to that on a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-27 Teruki Hanada , Koichiro Kobayashi , Kazuhiko Shinoda , Kiyoshi Shiraishi

Kolmogorov's Calculus of Problems is an interpretation of Heyting's intuitionistic propositional calculus published by A.N. Kolmogorov in 1932. Unlike Heyting's intended interpretation of this calculus, Kolmogorov's interpretation does not…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Andrei Rodin

We shall prove new contraction properties of general transportation costs along nonnegative measure-valued solutions to Fokker-Planck equations in $R^d$, when the drift is a monotone (or $\lambda$-monotone) operator. A new duality approach…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2010-02-02 Luca Natile , Mark A. Peletier , Giuseppe Savaré

We discover a new connection between Koszul theory and representation theory. Let $\La$ be a quadratic algebra defined by a locally finite quiver with relations. Firstly, we give a combinatorial description of the local Koszul complexes and…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Ales Bouhada , Min Huang , Zetao Lin , Shiping Liu
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