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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) promise perfectly unpredictable random numbers. However, the security certification of the random numbers in form of a stochastic model often introduces assumptions that are either hardly justified…

We implement a quantum random number generator based on a balanced homodyne measurement of vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. The digitized signal is directly processed with a fast randomness extraction scheme based on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-31 Yicheng Shi , Brenda Chng , Christian Kurtsiefer

Most modern classical processors support so-called von Neumann architecture with program and data registers. In present work is revisited similar approach to models of quantum processors. Deterministic programmable quantum gate arrays are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-11 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

The problem of random number generation from an uncorrelated random source (of unknown probability distribution) dates back to von Neumann's 1951 work. Elias (1972) generalized von Neumann's scheme and showed how to achieve optimal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-27 Hongchao Zhou , Jehoshua Bruck

Quantum noise is conventionally viewed as a fundamental obstacle in near-term quantum computing, motivating extensive error correction and mitigation strategies. We present numerical evidence that challenges this consensus. Through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Linghua Zhu , Yulong Dong , Ziyu Zhang , Xiaosong Li

Uncertainty quantification is vital for decision-making and risk assessment in machine learning. Mean-variance regression models, which predict both a mean and residual noise for each data point, provide a simple approach to uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-01 Eliot Wong-Toi , Alex Boyd , Vincent Fortuin , Stephan Mandt

Random numbers are an important resource for applications such as numerical simulation and secure communication. However, it is difficult to certify whether a physical random number generator is truly unpredictable. Here, we exploit the…

Based on the intrinsic random property of quantum mechanics, quantum random number generators allow for access of truly unpredictable random sequence and are now heading towards high performance and small miniaturization, among which a…

Semi-quantum cryptography involves at least one user who is semi-quantum or "classical" in nature. Such a user can only interact with the quantum channel in a very restricted way. Many semi-quantum key distribution protocols have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Julia Guskind , Walter O. Krawec

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) use the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanics to generate true randomness, as opposed to classical random number generators. However, ensuring the authenticity of this randomness still…

We demonstrate a quantum random number generator based on the random nature of the phase difference between two independent laser sources. The speed of random bit generation is determined by the photodetector bandwidth and the linewidth of…

Universality of neural networks describes the ability to approximate arbitrary function, and is a key ingredient to keep the method effective. The established models for universal quantum neural networks(QNN), however, require the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Xiaokai Hou , Guanyu Zhou , Qingyu Li , Shan Jin , Xiaoting Wang

The goal of randomness extraction is to distill (almost) perfect randomness from a weak source of randomness. When the source yields a classical string X, many extractor constructions are known. Yet, when considering a physical randomness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-14 Mario Berta , Omar Fawzi , Stephanie Wehner

Getting an unbiased result is a remarkably long standing problem of collective observation/measurement. It is pointed out that quantum coin tossing can generate unbiased result defeating dishonesty.

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-01-14 Arindam Mitra

We introduce a new quantum noise deconvolution technique that does not rely on the complete knowledge of noise and does not require partial noise tomography. In this new method, we construct a set of observables with completely correctable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Nahid Ahmadvand , Laleh Memarzadeh

Measurement is of central interest in quantum mechanics as it provides the link between the quantum world and the world of everyday experience. One of the features of the latter is its robust, objective character, contrasting the delicate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-19 J. K. Korbicz , E. A. Aguilar , P. Ćwikliński , P. Horodecki

Random number generation is crucial in many aspects of everyday life, as online security and privacy depend ultimately on the quality of random numbers. Many current implementations are based on pseudo-random number generators, but…

We consider the problem of reproducing one quantum measurement given the ability to perform another. We give a general framework and specific protocols for this problem. For example, we show how to use available "imperfect" devices a small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

We propose and demonstrate a technique for quantum random number generation based on the random population of the output spatial modes of a beam splitter when both inputs are simultaneously fed with indistinguishable weak coherent states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 T. Ferreira da Silva , G. B. Xavier , G. C. Amaral , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

Random numbers are essential for our modern information based society e.g. in cryptography. Unlike frequently used pseudo-random generators, physical random number generators do not depend on complex algorithms but rather on a physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mario Stipčević , Rupert Ursin