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The modernization of offi cial statistics involves the use of new data sources, such as data collected through remote sensing. The document contains a description of how an urban green index, derived from the SDG 11.7 objective, was…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Marian Necula , Tudorel Andrei , Bogdan Oancea , Mihaela Păun

The increasingly populated cities of the 21st Century face the challenge of being sustainable and resilient spaces for their inhabitants. However, climate change, among other problems, makes these objectives difficult to achieve. The Urban…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Iñigo Delgado-Enales , Joshua Lizundia-Loiola , Patricia Molina-Costa , Javier Del Ser

Remotely sensed, spatially continuous and high spatiotemporal resolution (hereafter referred to as high resolution) land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter for studying the thermal environment and has important applications in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-02-23 Penghai Wu , Zhixiang Yin , Chao Zeng , Sibo Duan , Frank-Michael Gottsche , Xiaoshaung Ma , Xinghua Li , Hui Yang , Huanfeng Shen

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an essential climate variable that can be measured via ground truth, remote sensing, or hybrid model methodologies. Here, we celebrate SST surveillance progress via the application of a few relevant…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-06-19 Albert Larson , Ali Shafqat Akanda

Satellite images have become increasingly valuable for modelling regional climate change effects. Earth surface forecasting represents one such task that integrates satellite images with meteorological data to capture the joint evolution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Tushar Verma , Sudipan Saha

As the global population continues to expand, the demand for natural resources increases. Unfortunately, human activities account for 23% of greenhouse gas emissions. On a positive note, remote sensing technologies have emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Suman Kunwar , Jannatul Ferdush

Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical parameter for characterizing surface energy balance and hydrothermal processes. While Landsat provides invaluable LST observations at medium spatial resolution for over 40 years, its native…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Huanfeng Shen , Chan Li , Menghui Jiang , Penghai Wu , Guanhao Zhang , Tian Xie

Sea surface temperature (SST) is uniquely important to the Earth's atmosphere since its dynamics are a major force in shaping local and global climate and profoundly affect our ecosystems. Accurate forecasting of SST brings significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Xiaohan Li , Gaowei Zhang , Kai Huang , Zhaofeng He

Land surface temperature (LST) is a fundamental parameter in thermal infrared remote sensing, while current LST products are often constrained by the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolutions. To mitigate this limitation, numerous…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-11-11 Huanyu Zhang , Bo-Hui Tang , Tian Hu , Yun Jiang , Zhao-Liang Li

Cloud occlusion is a common problem in the field of remote sensing, particularly for retrieving Land Surface Temperature (LST). Remote sensing thermal instruments onboard operational satellites are supposed to enable frequent and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-02 Yuhao Liu , Pranavesh Panakkal , Sylvia Dee , Guha Balakrishnan , Jamie Padgett , Ashok Veeraraghavan

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the physics of land-surface processes on regional and global scales, combining the results of all surface-atmosphere interactions and energy fluxes between the surface and the…

Geophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 Ana Belen Ruescas , Olaf Danne , Norman Fomferra , Carsten Brockmann

Urban planning applications (energy audits, investment, etc.) require an understanding of built infrastructure and its environment, i.e., both low-level, physical features (amount of vegetation, building area and geometry etc.), as well as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Adrian Albert , Jasleen Kaur , Marta Gonzalez

Sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts help with managing the marine ecosystem and the aquaculture impacted by anthropogenic climate change. Numerical dynamical models are resource intensive for SST forecasts; machine learning (ML) models…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Ding Ning , Varvara Vetrova , Karin R. Bryan

Understanding and mapping extreme heat is critical for risk management and public health planning, particularly in regions with complex terrain and heterogeneous climate. We present a case study of extreme heat in the Four Corners region of…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-22 Ben Seiyon Lee , Reetam Majumder , Jordan Richards , Emma S. Simpson , Likun Zhang

Accurate and high-resolution estimation of land surface temperature (LST) is crucial in estimating evapotranspiration, a measure of plant water use and a central quantity in agricultural applications. In this work, we develop a novel…

Current methods to determine the energy efficiency of buildings require on-site visits of certified energy auditors which makes the process slow, costly, and geographically incomplete. To accelerate the identification of promising retrofit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Kevin Mayer , Lukas Haas , Tianyuan Huang , Juan Bernabé-Moreno , Ram Rajagopal , Martin Fischer

The environmental impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on data centers hosting these models is becoming a significant concern. While many efforts have focused on reducing the substantial training overhead of LLMs, carbon and water…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Arash Khalatbarisoltani , Amin Mahmoudi , Jie Han , Muhammad Saeed , Wenxue Liu , Jinwen Li , Solmaz Kahourzade , Amirmehdi Yazdani , Xiaosong Hu

Land surface temperature (LST) is vital for land-atmosphere interactions and climate processes. Accurate LST retrieval remains challenging under heterogeneous land cover and extreme atmospheric conditions. Traditional split window (SW)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Tian Xie , Huanfeng Shen , Menghui Jiang , Juan-Carlos Jiménez-Muñoz , José A. Sobrino , Huifang Li , Chao Zeng

Air pollution is a major driver of climate change. Anthropogenic emissions from the burning of fossil fuels for transportation and power generation emit large amounts of problematic air pollutants, including Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Linus Scheibenreif , Michael Mommert , Damian Borth

As urbanization and climate change progress, urban heat becomes a priority for climate adaptation efforts. High temperatures concentrated in urban heat can drive increased risk of heat-related death and illness as well as increased energy…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Grant Buster , Jordan Cox , Brandon N. Benton , Ryan N. King