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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between various conditions implying essential undecidability: our main result is that there exists a theory $T$ in which all partially recursive functions are representable, yet $T$…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-05-13 Emil Jeřábek

One way of studying a relational structure is to investigate functions which are related to that structure and which leave certain aspects of the structure invariant. Examples are the automorphism group, the self-embedding monoid, the…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-05-31 Manuel Bodirsky , Michael Pinsker

We detail a simple procedure (easily convertible to an algorithm) for constructing from quasi-uniform samples of $f$ a sequence of linear spline functions converging to the monotone rearrangement of $f$, in the case where $f$ is an almost…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-03 Giovanni Barbarino , Davide Bianchi , Carlo Garoni

"How much c.e. sets could cover a given set?" in this paper we are going to answer this question. Also, in this approach some old concepts come into a new arrangement. The major goal of this article is to introduce an appropriate definition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-06 Farzad Didehvar , Mohsen Mansouri , Zahra Taheri

Experimental science usually relies on laboratory procedures that, after finitely many steps, terminate with numerical reports on physical quantities. This paper argues that such procedures can be understood as algorithmic once the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Isaac Pérez Castillo

We prove that the existence of finite combinatorial objects such as affine planes, mutually orthogonal Latin squares, and resolvable balanced incomplete block designs can be reformulated as the existence of certain algorithmic reductions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Damir D. Dzhafarov , Jun le Goh

Language modeling, a central task in natural language processing, involves estimating a probability distribution over strings. In most cases, the estimated distribution sums to 1 over all finite strings. However, in some pathological cases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Li Du , Lucas Torroba Hennigen , Tiago Pimentel , Clara Meister , Jason Eisner , Ryan Cotterell

This paper studies the probabilistic function approximation problem over reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We show the existence and uniqueness of the optimizer under mild assumptions. Furthermore, we generalize the celebrated representer…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Dongwei Chen , Kai-Hsiang Wang

The On-Line Encyclopedia Of Integer Sequences , that wonderful resource that most combinatorialists, and many other mathematicians and scientists, use at least once a day, is a treasure trove of mathematical information, and, one of its…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-10-24 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Mingjia Yang , Doron Zeilberger

We study systematically groups whose marked finite quotients form a recursive set. We give several definitions, and prove basic properties of this class of groups, and in particular emphasize the link between the growth of the depth…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Emmanuel Rauzy

This paper shows how the classical finite probability theory (with equiprobable outcomes) can be reinterpreted and recast as the quantum probability calculus of a pedagogical or "toy" model of quantum mechanics over sets (QM/sets). There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-05 David Ellerman

We say that a set is exhaustible if it admits algorithmic universal quantification for continuous predicates in finite time, and searchable if there is an algorithm that, given any continuous predicate, either selects an element for which…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Martin Escardo

We introduce a notion of algorithmic randomness for algebraic fields. We prove the existence of a continuum of algebraic extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ that are random according to our definition. We show that there are noncomputable algebraic…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Wesley Calvert , Valentina Harizanov , Alexandra Shlapentokh

The ALEA Coq library formalizes measure theory based on a variant of the Giry monad on the category of sets. This enables the interpretation of a probabilistic programming language with primitives for sampling from discrete distributions.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Martin E. Bidlingmaier , Florian Faissole , Bas Spitters

This article explores the theoretical and computational aspects of the Infinite Monkey Theorem, investigating the number of attempts and the time required for a set of pseudorandom characters to assemble and recite Hamlets iconic phrase, To…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-04 Ergon Cugler de Moraes Silva

This essay aims to propose construction theory, a new domain of theoretical research on machine construction, and use it to shed light on a fundamental relationship between living and computational systems. Specifically, we argue that…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-09-29 Hiroki Sayama

We derive recursions for the probability distribution of random sums by computer algebra. Unlike the well-known Panjer-type recursions, they are of finite order and thus allow for computation in linear time. This efficiency is bought by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-07-23 S. Gerhold , R. Warnung

Classical probability theory supports probability measures, assigning a fixed positive real value to each event, these measures are far from satisfactory in formulating real-life occurrences. The main innovation of this paper is the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-09 Yehuda Izhakian , Zur Izhakian

We revisit occurrence typing, a technique to refine the type of variables occurring in type-cases and, thus, capturesome programming patterns used in untyped languages. Although occurrence typing was tied from its inceptionto set-theoretic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Giuseppe Castagna , Victor Lanvin , Mickaël Laurent , Kim Nguyen

Representation theory of finite groups portrays a marvelous crossroad of group theory, algebraic combinatorics, and probability. In particular the Plancherel measure is a probability that arises naturally from representation theory, and in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-11 Dario De Stavola