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Binomial data with unknown sizes often appear in biological and medical sciences and are usually overdispersed. All previous methods used parametric models and only considered overdispersion due to the variation of sizes. The proposed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Wei Zhang

The bifactor model and its extensions are multidimensional latent variable models, under which each item measures up to one subdimension on top of the primary dimension(s). Despite their wide applications to educational and psychological…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-23 Guanhua Fang , Xin Xu , Jinxin Guo , Zhiliang Ying , Susu Zhang

Testing for the equality of two high-dimensional distributions is a challenging problem, and this becomes even more challenging when the sample size is small. Over the last few decades, several graph-based two-sample tests have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-22 Soham Sarkar , Rahul Biswas , Anil K. Ghosh

Two semimetrics on probability distributions are proposed, given as the sum of differences of expectations of analytic functions evaluated at spatial or frequency locations (i.e, features). The features are chosen so as to maximize the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-31 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Zoltan Szabo , Kacper Chwialkowski , Arthur Gretton

In this paper, we propose a new modified likelihood ratio test (LRT) for simultaneously testing mean vectors and covariance matrices of two-sample populations in high-dimensional settings. By employing tools from Random Matrix Theory (RMT),…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-12 Zhenzhen Niu , Jianghao Li , Wenya Luo , Zhidong Bai

This paper describes and tests a method for carrying out quantified reproducibility assessment (QRA) that is based on concepts and definitions from metrology. QRA produces a single score estimating the degree of reproducibility of a given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Anya Belz , Maja Popović , Simon Mille

Matrix normal models have an associated 4-tensor for their covariance representation. The covariance array associated with a matrix normal model is naturally represented as a Kronecker-product structured covariance associated with the…

Computation · Statistics 2025-01-10 Quinn Simonis , Martin T. Wells

AIMS. The maximum-likelihood method is the standard approach to obtain model fits to observational data and the corresponding confidence regions. We investigate possible sources of bias in the log-likelihood function and its subsequent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. Hartlap , P. Simon , P. Schneider

In paired design studies, it is common to have multiple measurements taken for the same set of subjects under different conditions. In observational studies, it is many times of interest to conduct pair matching on multiple covariates…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-21 Jingru Zhang , Hao Chen , Xiao-Hua Zhou

We introduce an approach which allows detecting causal relationships between variables for which the time evolution is available. Causality is assessed by a variational scheme based on the Information Imbalance of distance ranks, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-07 Vittorio Del Tatto , Gianfranco Fortunato , Domenica Bueti , Alessandro Laio

We propose the density ratio permutation test, a hypothesis test that assesses whether the ratio between two densities is proportional to a known function based on independent samples from each distribution. The test uses an efficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-14 Alberto Bordino , Thomas B. Berrett

Based on a generalized cosine measure between two symmetric matrices, we propose a general framework for one-sample and two-sample tests of covariance and correlation matrices. We also develop a set of associated permutation algorithms for…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-05 Longyang Wu , Chengguo Weng , Xu Wang , Kesheng Wang , Xuefeng Liu

The statistical measure of spatial inhomogeneity for n points placed in chi cells each of size kxk is generalized to incorporate finite size objects like black pixels for binary patterns of size LxL. As a function of length scale k, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ryszard Piasecki

The Armitage test for linear trend in proportions can be modified using the multiple marginal model approach for three regression models with arithmetic, ordinal and logarithmic dose scores simultaneously, to be powerful against a wide…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-29 Ludwig A. Hothorn , Frank Schaarschmidt

The reliability of machine learning systems critically assumes that the associations between features and labels remain similar between training and test distributions. However, unmeasured variables, such as confounders, break this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Megha Srivastava , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Percy Liang

We present a weighted estimator of the covariance and correlation in bipartite complex systems with a double layer of heterogeneity. The advantage provided by the weighted estimators lies in the fact that the unweighted sample covariance…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-12-22 Elena Puccio , Jyrki Piilo , Michele Tumminello

To recover a low rank structure from a noisy matrix, truncated singular value decomposition has been extensively used and studied. Recent studies suggested that the signal can be better estimated by shrinking the singular values. We pursue…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-25 Julie Josse , Sylvain Sardy

Unsharp quantum measurements provide a resource in scenarios where one faces the trade-off between information gain and disturbance. In this work we introduce a prepare-transform-measure scenario in which two-outcome unsharp measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-07 Nikolai Miklin , Jakub J. Borkała , Marcin Pawłowski

Two-sample hypothesis testing-determining whether two sets of data are drawn from the same distribution-is a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning with broad scientific applications. In the context of nonparametric testing,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Antoine Chatalic , Marco Letizia , Nicolas Schreuder , Lorenzo Rosasco

We consider the problem of detecting sparse heterogeneous mixtures in a two-sample setting from a nonparametric perspective, where the effect manifests itself as a positive shift. We suggest a two-sample higher criticism test, and show that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Rong Huang