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We discuss cosmological perturbation theory at third order, deriving the gauge transformation rules for metric and matter perturbations, and constructing third order gauge invariant quantities. We present the Einstein tensor components, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Adam J. Christopherson , Karim A. Malik

The purpose of this paper is to explore, in a space of four-dimensions, the possible forms that second-order, bi-scalar-vector-tensor field equations derivable from a variational principle can assume. In order to restrict this enormous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Gregory W. Horndeski

We construct a class of Einstein-vector theories where the vector field couples bilinearly to the curvature polynomials of arbitrary order in such a way that only Riemann tensor rather than its derivative enters the equations of motion. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Wei-Jian Geng , H. Lu

Vector fields in the expanding Universe are considered within the multidimensional theory of General Relativity. Vector fields in general relativity form a three-parametric variety. Our consideration includes the fields with a nonzero…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Boris E. Meierovich

We study the representations of tensor random fields on the sphere basing on the theory of representations of the rotation group. Introducing specific components of a tensor field and imposing the conditions of weak isotropy and mean square…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-15 Nikolai Leonenko , Ludmila Sakhno

We derive the evolution equation for the second order curvature perturbation using standard techniques of cosmological perturbation theory. We do this for different definitions of the gauge invariant curvature perturbation, arising from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-09 Pedro Carrilho , Karim A. Malik

The quantum metric tensor was introduced for defining the distance in the parameter space of a system. However, it is also useful for other purposes, like predicting quantum phase transitions. Due to the physical information this tensor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-27 J. Alvarez-Jimenez , J. D. Vergara

We compute all 2-covariant tensors naturally constructed from a semiriemannian metric which are divergence-free and have weight greater than -2. As a consequence, it follows a characterization of the Einstein tensor as the only, up to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-05-27 Jose Navarro , Juan B. Sancho

One of the greatest unsolved issues of the physics of this century is to find a quantum field theory of gravity. According to a vast amount of literature unification of quantum field theory and gravitation requires a gauge theory of gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Rainer W. Kuhne

This paper describes and proves a canonical procedure to decouple perturbations and optimize their gauge around backgrounds with one non-homogeneous dimension, namely of co-homogeneity 1, while preserving locality in this dimension.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Barak Kol

One way of describing gauge theories in physics is to assign a vector space $V_{x}$ to each space time point $x.$ For each $x$ the field $\psi$ takes values $\psi(x)$ in $V_{x}.$ The freedom to choose a basis in each $V_{x}$ introduces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-20 Paul Benioff

In the framework of the gauge theory based on the Poincar\'e symmetry group, the gravitational field is described in terms of the coframe and the local Lorentz connection. Considered as gauge field potentials, they give rise to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-29 Yuri N. Obukhov

There is solid consensus among physicists and philosophers that, in gauge field theory, for a quantity to be physically meaningful or real, it must be gauge-invariant. Yet, every "elementary" field in the Standard Model of particle physics…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Philipp Berghofer , Jordan François

Perturbation theory in geometric theories of gravitation is a gauge theory of symmetric tensors defined on a Lorentzian manifold (the background spacetime). The gauge freedom makes uniqueness problems in perturbation theory particularly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-03 Marc Mars , Borja Reina , Raül Vera

Gauge fields are described on an Riemann-Cartan space-time by means of tensor-valued differential forms and exterior calculus. It is shown that minimal coupling procedure leads to a gauge invariant theory where gauge fields interact with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Alberto Saa

To numerically evolve the full Einstein equations (or modifications thereof), simulations of cosmological spacetimes must rely on a particular formulation of the field equations combined with a specific gauge/frame choice. Yet truly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-30 Anna Ijjas

We study a slight variation of the unimodular gauge condition which we call "the derivative gauge condition". We show that at the classical level these conditions are completely equivalent up to a surface term. At the quantum level the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-06 Renata Jora

Gauge symmetries emerge from a redundant description of the effective action for light degrees of freedom after the decoupling of heavy modes. This redundant description avoids the use of explicit constraints in configuration space. For…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 C. Wetterich

The second order perturbations in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe filled with a perfect fluid are completely formulated in the gauge invariant manner without any gauge fixing. All components of the Einstein equations are derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Kouji Nakamura

In the double field theory, gauge symmetries are realized as generalized diffeomorphisms in the doubled spacetime. By consistency of the theory, dependence of tensor fields on the doubled coordinates is strongly constrained. This causes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-03 Soo-Jong Rey , Yuho Sakatani