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Collatz conjecture is generalized to $3n+3^k$ ($k\in N$). Operating as usual, every sequence seems to reach $3^k$ and end up in the loop $3^k, 4.3^k, 2.3^k,3^k$. The usual $3n+1$ conjecture is recovered for $k=0$. For $k>0$, we noticed the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Naouel Boulkaboul

We build a variant of Collatz Conjecture for polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_2$ and we prove that it is solved. By the way, we give several examples.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Luis H. Gallardo , Olivier Rahavandrainy

In this paper, we will introduce an extension to the Collatz's conjecture. This conjecture may be seen as a general conjecture that unifies the Collatz one together with many other similar conjectures. For instance, we propose our new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Abderrahman Bouhamidi

The $3x+1$ problem, also called the Collatz conjecture, is a very interesting unsolved mathematical problem related to computer science. This paper generalized this problem by relaxing the constraints, i.e., generalizing this deterministic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Bojin Zheng , Yangqian Su , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang

The Collatz conjecture can be stated in terms of the reduced Collatz function R(x) = (3x+1)/2^m (where 2^m is the larger power of 2 that divides 3x+1). The conjecture is: Starting from any odd positive integer and repeating R(x) we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-14 Livio Colussi

The Collatz conjecture is one of the easiest mathematical problems to state and yet it remains unsolved. For each $n\ge 2$ the Collatz iteration is mapped to a binary sequence and a corresponding unique integer which can recreate the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-01-04 George M. Georgiou

The Collatz problem is generalized into $3n + 3^k$ problem. It is shown that as long as the Collatz function iterates converge to the cycle passing through the number 1, the $3n + 3^k$ sequence converges to the cycle passing through the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 David Barina , W. C. Maat

We present some interesting observations on the 3x+1 problem. We propose a new algorithm which eliminates certain steps while we check the action of 3x+1 procedure on a number. Also, we propose a reason why many numbers follow a similar…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

Consider the recursive relation generating a new positive integer $n_{\ell +1}$ from the positive integer $n_{\ell }$ according to the following simple rules: if the integer $n_{\ell }$ is odd, $n_{\ell +1}=3n_{\ell }+1$; if the integer…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Mario Bruschi , Francesco Calogero

The Collatz conjecture implies that an iterated function sequence under a certain linear operator, beginning with a certain complex valued function, must converge to a certain complex function.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Kerry M. Soileau

Sequence of numbers generated by the recurrence relation based on the Collatz conjecture is investigated. An arithmetic operation on the Collatz conjecture is called descending operation, and ascending operation is carried out reversely to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Kyo Jin Ihn

We study a natural analogue of Collatz's Conjecture for polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_2$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Luis H. Gallardo , Olivier Rahavandrainy

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Robert Santos

This paper studies certain trajectories of the Collatz function. I show that if for each odd number $n$, $n\sim 3n+2$ then every positive integer $n \in \mathbb{N}\setminus 2^{\mathbb{N}}$ has the representation…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Roy Burson

We give a short proof of Belaga's result on bounds to perigees of $(3x+d)$-cycles of a given oddlength. We also reformulate the Collatz cycle conjecture which is rather a algorithmic problem into a purely arithmetic problem.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-23 Masayoshi Kaneda

The Collatz conjecture, which posits that any positive integer will eventually reach 1 through a specific iterative process, is a classic unsolved problem in mathematics. This research focuses on designing an efficient algorithm to compute…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Eyob Solomon Getachew , Beakal Gizachew Assefa

The Collatz conjecture (also known as the $3x+1$ problem) concerns the behavior of the discrete dynamical system on the positive integers defined by iteration of the so-called $3x + 1$ function. We investigate analogous dynamical systems in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-11 Daniel Nichols

A particular case of the Jacobian conjecture is considered and for small dimensional cases a computational approach is offered

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-05-09 Ural Bekbaev

The Collatz map is defined for a positive even integer as half that integer, and for a positive odd integer as that integer threefold, plus one. The Collatz conjecture states that when the map is iterated the number one is eventually…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-19 Michael Albert , Bjarki Gudmundsson , Henning Ulfarsson

In this paper we are shown the following facts: The probability of increased $ A_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})>T^{k-1} (x_{0})) $, and the probability of decrease $B_{k}=P(T^{k} (x_{0})<T^{k-1} (x_{0}))$ in step $ k $ of a Collataz procedure…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Denis Martínez Tápanes , Jose E. Martínez Serra