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Related papers: The Observer Class Hypothesis

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The role of the observers is frequently obscured in the literature, either by writing equations in a coordinate system implicitly pertaining to some specific observer or by entangling the invariance and the observer dependence of physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-14 Bruno Klajn , Ivica Smolić

We survey work on the paradigm called "computing by observing." Its central feature is that one considers the behavior of an evolving system as the result of a computation. To this end an observer records this behavior. It has turned out…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-06-22 Matteo Cavaliere , Peter Leupold

The problem is sequence prediction in the following setting. A sequence x1,..., xn,... of discrete-valued observations is generated according to some unknown probabilistic law (measure) mu. After observing each outcome, it is required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-10-19 Daniil Ryabko

Observational cosmology provides us with a large number of high precision data which are used to derive models trying to reproduce ``on the mean'' our observable patch of the Universe. Most of these attempts are achieved in the framework of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-10 Marie-Noëlle Célérier

Endeavoring to formulate an exhaustive solution to the measurement problem in view of the theory of decoherence leads to a better understanding of the status of the collapse and of the emergence of classicality, thanks to a precise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-01 Antoine Soulas

Theory of quantum measurements is often classified as decision theory. An event in decision theory corresponds to the measurement of an observable. This analogy looks clear for operationally testable simple events. However, the situation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-24 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

If the current acceleration of our Universe is due to a cosmological constant, then a Coleman-De Luccia bubble will nucleate in our Universe. In this work, we consider that our observations could be likely in this framework, consisting in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-19 Prado Martin-Moruno

The aim of the article is to argue that the interpretations of quantum mechanics and of probability are much closer than usually thought. Indeed, a detailed analysis of the concept of probability (within the standard frequency theory of R.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-21 Louis Vervoort

We are on the verge of the first precision testing of the inflationary cosmology as a model for the origin of structure in the Universe. I review the key predictions of inflation which can be used as observational tests, in the sense of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew R Liddle

We describe the universe as a single entangled ensemble of quantum particles. The total entropy of this world ensemble, which can be expressed as a sum of information, thermodynamic and entanglement components, is assumed to be always zero.…

General Physics · Physics 2018-05-15 Merab Gogberashvili

An outlier is a datapoint that is set apart from a sample population. The outlier theorem in algorithmic information theory states that given a computable sampling method, outliers must appear. We present a simple proof to the outlier…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Samuel Epstein

Observational astronomy has shown significant growth over the last decade and has made important contributions to cosmology. A major paradigm shift in cosmology was brought about by observations of Type Ia supernovae. The notion that the…

General Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ram Gopal Vishwakarma , Jayant V. Narlikar

Theorists are often told to express things in the "observational plane". One can do this for space-time geometry, considering "visual" observations of matter in our universe by a single observer over time, with no assumptions about…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-20 Albert Stebbins

This article deals with plausible reasoning from incomplete knowledge about large-scale spatial properties. The availableinformation, consisting of a set of pointwise observations,is extrapolated to neighbour points. We make use of belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Jerome Lang , Philippe Muller

There has not been an established mathematical measure of evidence. Some Bayesians have argued that probability can be an objectively correct measure of ``rational degrees of belief,'' which we do not distinguish from evidence. However,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Christopher D. Fiorillo , Min Sheo Choi , Jaime Gomez-Ramirez

We consider the binary hypothesis testing problem with two observers. There are two possible states of nature (or hypotheses). Observations collected by the two observers are statistically related to the true state of nature. The knowledge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Aneesh Raghavan , John S. Baras

Cosmological scenarios wherein the cumulative number of spontaneously formed, cognitively impaired, disembodied transient observers is vastly larger than the corresponding number of atypical `ordinary observers' (OOs) formed in the…

General Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Meir Shimon

In our previous arXiv papers (more systematically the informational conception is presented in the paper "The Information as Absolute", 2010) it was rigorously shown that Matter in our Universe - and Universe as a whole - are some…

General Physics · Physics 2011-05-05 S. V. Shevchenko , V. V. Tokarevsky

Observational entropy captures both the intrinsic uncertainty of a thermodynamic state and the lack of knowledge due to coarse-graining. We demonstrate two interpretations of observational entropy, one as the statistical deficiency…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Ge Bai , Dominik Šafránek , Joseph Schindler , Francesco Buscemi , Valerio Scarani

We introduce a uniform representation of general objects that captures the regularities with respect to their structure. It allows a representation of a general class of objects including geometric patterns and images in a sparse, modular,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-06-12 Hiroshi Ishikawa