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This paper studies data-driven approaches to the continuous-time linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem based on two existing parameterizations, namely a closed-loop (CL) parameterization from behavioral system theory and an integral…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Armin Gießler , Felix Thömmes , Sören Hohmann

Controlling large populations of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), such as water heaters, poses significant challenges due to the need to balance global constraints (e.g., grid stability) with individual requirements (e.g., physical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-02 Thomas Le Corre , Julien Cardinal , Ana Bušić

Non-generating resources such as thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can arbitrage energy prices and provide balancing reserves when aggregated due to their thermal energy storage capacity. Based on a performed survey of Swedish…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-12 Lars Herre , Behrouz Nourozi , Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh , Qian Wang , Lennart Söder

This paper examines the operation of distribution networks that have large aggregations of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) providing secondary frequency regulation to the bulk power system. Specifically, we assess the prevalence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Stephanie C. Ross , Gabrielle Vuylsteke , Johanna L. Mathieu

This paper presents a distributed control strategy for air conditioning loads (ACLs) to participate in the scheme of mitigating microgrid tie-line power fluctuations. The concept of baseline load is emphasized for ACL control in this paper.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Yao Yao , Peichao Zhang

Residential Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) such as Air Conditioners (ACs), heat pumps, water heaters, and refrigerators have an enormous thermal storage potential for providing regulation reserve to the grid. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-12-09 He Hao , Borhan M. Sanandaji , Kameshwar Poolla , Tyrone L. Vincent

We consider the problem of planning the aggregate energy consumption for a set of thermostatically controlled loads for demand response, accounting price forecast trajectory and thermal comfort constraints. We address this as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-09 Fernando A. C. C. Fontes , Abhishek Halder , Jorge Becerril , P. R. Kumar

Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) design is one of the most classical optimal control problems, whose well-known solution is an input sequence expressed as a state-feedback. In this work, finite-horizon and discrete-time LQR is solved under…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-17 Anna Scampicchio , Aleksandr Aravkin , Gianluigi Pillonetto

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources, power systems face new challenges in balancing power supply and demand and maintaining the nominal frequency. This paper studies load control to handle these challenges. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Xin Chen , Changhong Zhao , Na Li

This project presents decentralized control scheme for Load-Frequency Control in power System. In this era renewable energy is most promising solution to man's ever increasing energy needs. But the power production by these resources cannot…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-05-14 Sushant Chaudhary

This article presents a unified approach to quadratic optimal control for both linear and nonlinear discrete-time systems, with a focus on trajectory tracking. The control strategy is based on minimizing a quadratic cost function that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Igor Ladnik

The power interactions of any component in electric energy systems with the rest of the system happen naturally, as governed by the energy conservation principles. There may, however, occur instances when the rate at which power gets…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Rupamathi Jaddivada , Marija D. Ilic

This paper studies the learning-to-control problem under process and sensing uncertainties for dynamical systems. In our previous work, we developed a data-based generalization of the iterative linear quadratic regulator (iLQR) to design…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Ran Wang , Raman Goyal , Suman Chakravorty

Higher penetration of renewable generation will increase the demand for adequate (and cost-effective) controllable resources on the grid that can mitigate and contain the contingencies locally before it can cause a network-wide collapse.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Draguna Vrabie , Karan Kalsi , Jianming Lian

Within the realm of dynamic of \emph{smart buildings} and \emph{smart cities}, dynamic response management is playing an ever-increasing role thus attracting the attention of scientists from different disciplines. Dynamic demand response…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-10-28 Dario Bauso

In this paper, a cooperative Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem is investigated for multi-input systems, where each input is generated by an agent in a network. The input matrices are different and locally possessed by the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Peihu Duan , Lidong He , Zhisheng Duan , Ling Shi

This paper investigates the frequency control of multi-machine power systems subject to uncertain and dynamic net loads. We propose distributed internal model controllers that coordinate synchronous generators and demand response to tackle…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hunmin Kim , Minghui Zhu , Jianming Lian

Power systems are subject to fundamental changes due to the increasing infeed of decentralised renewable energy sources and storage. The decentralised nature of the new actors in the system requires new concepts for structuring the power…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-04-22 Lia Strenge , Paul Schultz , Jürgen Kurths , Jörg Raisch , Frank Hellmann

Ensuring the frequency stability of electric grids with increasing renewable resources is a key problem in power system operations. In recent years, a number of advanced controllers have been designed to optimize frequency control. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Wenqi Cui , Guanya Shi , Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

The aggregate demand flexibility of a set of thermostatically controlled residential loads (TCLs) can be represented by a virtual battery (VB) in order to manage their participation in the electricity markets. For this purpose, it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-10 Alejandro Martín-Crespo , Enrique Baeyens , Sergio Saludes-Rodil , Fernando Frechoso-Escudero