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In this paper we focus on analytical calculations involving null geodesics in some spherically symmetric spacetimes. We use Weierstrass elliptic functions to fully describe null geodesics in Schwarzschild spacetime and to derive analytical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 G. W. Gibbons , M. Vyska

We solve the geodesic deviation equations for the orbital motions in the Schwarzschild metric which are close to a circular orbit. It turns out that in this particular case the equations reduce to a linear system, which after…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 R. Kerner , J. W. van Holten , R. Colistete

The method of geodesic deviations has been applied to derive accurate analytic approximations to geodesics in Schwarzschild space-time. The results are used to construct analytic expressions for the source terms in the Regge-Wheeler and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-26 G. Koekoek , J. W. van Holten

As is well-known, the Schwarzschild metric cannot be derived based on pre-general-relativistic physics alone, which means using only special relativity, the Einstein equivalence principle and the Newtonian limit. The standard way to derive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-13 Klaus Kassner

The advance of perihelion for geodesic motion on the galactic plane of some exact general relativistic disc solutions is calculated. Approximate analytical and numerical results are presented for the static Chazy-Curzon and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 D. Vogt , P. S. Letelier

We develop a method for deriving approximate analytical formulae to integrate photon geodesics in a Schwarzschild spacetime. Based on this, we derive the approximate equations for light bending and propagation delay that have been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-02 Vittorio De Falco , Maurizio Falanga , Luigi Stella

The theory of Schwarzschild geodesics is revisited. Basing on a result by Weierstrass and Biermann, we derive a formula describing all non radial, timelike and null trajectories in terms of Weierstrass elliptic functions. Quite remarkably,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-04 Adam Cieślik , Patryk Mach

We derive exact expressions for the relativistic redshift between an Earth-bound observer, that is meant to model a standard clock on the Earth's surface, and various (geodesic) observers in the Schwarzschild spacetime. We assume that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-06 Dennis Philipp , Eva Hackmann , Claus Laemmerzahl

The dynamics of the leading self-force (0SF) order, corresponding to the geodesic motion of a light body in the exact background of a heavy body, are explicitly derived for the first time using a flat space scattering amplitude-based…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-15 Stavros Mougiakakos , Pierre Vanhove

In this work, we compute the metric corresponding to a static and spherically symmetric mass distribution in the general relativistic weak field approximation to quadratic order in Fermi-normal coordinates surrounding a radial geodesic. To…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-28 Antonio C. Gutiérrez-Piñeres

The method of geodesic deviations provides analytic approximations to geodesics in arbitrary background space-times. As such the method is a useful tool in many practical situations. In this note we point out some subtleties in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-10 G. Koekoek , J. W. van Holten

In this article we model a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in a Schwarzschild space-time, as a first approximation of the relativistic geometry around the Earth. The closed time-like and scattering light-like geodesics are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-18 P. Delva , U. Kostic , A. Cadez

In this research note we introduce a new approximation of photon geodesics in Schwarzschild spacetime which is especially useful to describe highly bent trajectories, for which the angle between the initial emission position and the line of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-30 Riccardo La Placa , Pavel Bakala , Luigi Stella , Maurizio Falanga

This paper performs a systematic investigation of geodesic motion in Euclidean Schwarzschild geometry, which is studied in the equatorial plane. The explicit form of geodesic motion is obtained in terms of incomplete elliptic integrals of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-01 Emmanuele Battista , Giampiero Esposito

The exact metric of a Schwarzschild black hole in the true radiation gauge was recently reported. In this work, we base on this gravity and calculate the gravitational deflection of relativistic massive particles up to the fourth…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-27 Zonghai Li , Xia Zhou , Weijun Li , Guansheng He

We investigate cosmology-driven modifications to Schwarzschild-like black hole spacetimes and analyze their impact on photon propagation, gravitational lensing, and shadow observation. The gravitational deflection angle is computed using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-19 Ritesh Pandey , Shubham Kala , Amare Abebe , Hemwati Nandan , G. G. L. Nashed

From the Schwarzschild metric we obtain the higher-order terms (up to 20-th order) for the deflection of light around a massive object using the Lindstedt-Poincar\'e method to solve the equation of motion of a photon around the stellar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-20 Carlos Rodriguez , Carlos Marín

General relativistic Gauss equations for osculating elements for bound orbits under the influence of a perturbing force in an underlying Schwarzschild space-time have been derived in terms of Weierstrass elliptic functions. Thereby, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-15 Oleksii Yanchyshen , Claus Lämmerzahl

Geodesic orbit equations in the Schwarzschild geometry of general relativity reduce to ordinary conic sections of Newtonian mechanics and gravity for material particles in the non-relativistic limit. On the contrary, geodesic orbit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-03 Lorenzo Resca

We propose new analytic formulae describing light bending in Schwarzschild metric. For emission radii above the photon orbit at 1.5 Schwarzschild radius, the formulae have an accuracy of better than 0.2% for the bending angle and 3% for the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-05 Juri Poutanen
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