Related papers: The rate of thermal atmospheric escape
Thermally-driven atmospheric escape evolves from an organized outflow (hydrodynamic escape) to escape on a molecule by molecules basis (Jeans escape) with increasing Jeans parameter, the ratio of the gravitational to thermal energy of…
The problem of thermally activated escape over a potential barrier is solved by means of path integrals for one-dimensional reaction dynamics with very general time dependences. For a suitably chosen but still quite simple static potential…
The thermal diffusion of a free particle is a random process and generates entropy at a rate equal to twice the particle temperature in natural units of information per second. The rate is calculated using a Gaussian process with a variance…
We prove sharp asymptotic estimates for the rate of escape of the two-dimensional simple random walk conditioned to avoid a fixed finite set. We derive it from asymptotics available for the continuous analogue of this process (cf…
The period-average rate in the low frequency limit for thermally activated escape with periodic driving is derived in a closed analytical form. We define the low frequency limit as the one where there is no essential dependence on frequency…
Calculations of atmospheric refraction are generally based on a simplified model of atmospheric density in the troposphere which assumes that the temperature decreases at a constant lapse rate from sea level up to a height equal to eleven…
Atmosphere escape is one key process controlling the evolution of planets. However, estimating the escape rate in any detail is difficult because there are many physical processes contributing to the total escape rate. Here we show that as…
The dynamics of active particles is of interest at many levels and is the focus of theoretical and experimental research. There have been many attempts to describe the dynamics of particles affected by random active forces in terms of an…
Thermally activated escape over a potential barrier in the presence of periodic driving is considered. By means of novel time-dependent path-integral methods we derive asymptotically exact weak-noise expressions for both the instantaneous…
The escape problem is defined in the context of quantum field theory. The escape rate is explicitly derived for a scalar field governed by fluctuation-dissipation dynamics, through generalizing the standard Kramers problem. In the presence…
We study the thermal escape problem in the moderate-to-high and high damping regime of a system with a parabolic barrier. We present a formula that matches our numerical results accounting for finite barrier effects, and compare it with…
We provide escape rates formulae for piecewise expanding interval maps with `random holes'. Then we obtain rigorous approximations of invariant densities of randomly perturbed metabstable interval maps. We show that our escape rates…
Small, illuminated aerosol particles embedded in a gas experience a photophoretic force. Most approximations assume the mean particle surface temperature to be effectively the gas temperature. This might not always be the case. If the…
The extra-solar planet HD209458b has been found to have an extended atmosphere of escaping atomic hydrogen (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003), suggesting that ``hot Jupiters'' closer to their parent stars could evaporate. Here we estimate the…
We determine the rate of escape from a potential well, and the diffusion coefficient in a periodic potential, of a random walker that moves under the influence of the potential in between successive collisions with the heat bath. In the…
Thermal runaway occurs when a rise in system temperature results in heat generation rates exceeding dissipation rates. Here we demonstrate that thermal runaway occurs in thermal radiative systems, given a sufficient level of negative…
The Landauer formula for electrical conductance is simple but works remarkably well in mesoscopic systems. We propose a Landauer-like formula for calculating an escape rate out of a dissipative metastable well, the quantum Kramers rate.
We show existence and give an implicit formula for the escape rate of the n-centre problem of celestial mechanics for high energies. Furthermore we give precise computable estimates of this rate. This exponential decay rate plays an…
The main result in this paper is a variational formula for the exit rate from a bounded domain for a diffusion process in terms of the stationary law of the diffusion constrained to remain in this domain forever. Related results on the…
Using path-integral methods, a formula is deduced for the noise-induced escape rate from an attracting fixed point across an unstable fixed point in one-dimensional maps. The calculation starts from the trace formula for the eigenvalues of…