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We define pseudo-reality and pseudo-adjointness of a Hamiltonian, $H$, as $\rho H \rho^{-1}=H^\ast$ and $\mu H \mu^{-1}=H^\prime$, respectively. We prove that the former yields the {\it necessary} condition for spectrum to be real whereas…
A Hamiltonian embedding is an embedding of a graph $G$ such that the boundary of each face is a Hamiltonian cycle of $G$. It is shown that the hypercube graph $Q_n$ admits such an embedding on an orientable surface when $n$ is a power of 2.…
It is shown by a straightforward argument that the Hamiltonian generating the time evolution of the Dirac wave function in relativistic quantum mechanics is not hermitian with respect to the covariantly defined inner product whenever the…
Hitherto, it is well known that complex PT-symmetric Scarf II has real discrete spectrum in the parametric domain of unbroken PT-symmetry. We reveal new interesting complex, non-PT-symmetric parametric domains of this versatile potential,…
We give an explicit characterization of the most general quasi-Hermitian operator H, the associated metric operators \eta_+, and \eta_+-pseudo-Hermitian operators acting in two-dimensional complex Euclidean space C^2. These operators…
Evolutions under non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with unbroken $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry can be considered unitary under appropriate choices of inner products, facilitated by the so-called metric operator. While it is understood that the choice of…
A new proof is given for why the non-Hermitian, PT-Invariant cubic oscillator with imaginary coupling has real eigenvalues. The proof consists of two steps. In the first step, it is shown that for many PT-Invariant Hamiltonians, one can…
In recent years, non-Hermitian phases in classical and quantum systems have garnered significant attention. In particular, their intriguing band geometry offers a platform for exploring unique topological states and unconventional quantum…
We introduce a new diagonalization method called quasi-sparse eigenvector diagonalization which finds the most important basis vectors of the low energy eigenstates of a quantum Hamiltonian. It can operate using any basis, either orthogonal…
It is believed that unbroken PT symmetry is sufficient to guarantee that the spectrum of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is real. We prove that this is not true. We study a Hamiltonian with complex spectrum for which PT symmetry is not…
The non-Hermitian paradigm of quantum systems displays salient features drastically different from Hermitian counterparts. In this work, we focus on one such aspect, the difference of evolving quantum ensembles under $H_{\mathrm{nh}}$…
We prove that in finite dimensions, a Parity-Time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonian is necessarily pseudo-Hermitian regardless of whether it is diagonalizable or not. This result is different from Mostafazadeh's, which requires the Hamiltonian to…
We study the properties of Hamiltonians defined as the generators of transfer matrices in quasi- one-dimensional waveguides. For single- or multi-mode waveguides obeying flux conservation and time-reversal invariance, the Hamiltonians…
Quasi-Hermitian quantum systems, including $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric ones, can be mapped to equivalent Hermitian systems via a similarity transformation that redefines the inner product with a positive-definite metric operator. Although an…
The condition of self-adjointness ensures that the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian are real and bounded below. Replacing this condition by the weaker condition of ${\cal PT}$ symmetry, one obtains new infinite classes of complex Hamiltonians…
A phenomenological Hamiltonian of a closed (i.e., unitary) quantum system is assumed to have an $N$ by $N$ real-matrix form composed of a unperturbed diagonal-matrix part $H^{(N)}_0$ and of a tridiagonal-matrix perturbation…
We formulate a systematic algorithm for constructing a whole class of Hermitian position-dependent-mass Hamiltonians which, to lowest order of perturbation theory, allow a description in terms of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians. The method is…
We study a diagonalizable Hamiltonian that is not at first hermitian. Requirement that a measurement shall not change one Hamiltonian eigenstate into another one with a different eigenvalue imposes that an inner product must be defined so…
We address the problem of coupling non-Hermitian systems, treated as fundamental rather than effective theories, to the electromagnetic field. In such theories the observables are not the $\bs{x}$ and $\bs{p}$ appearing in the Hamiltonian,…
In a way paralleling the recently accepted non-Hermitian version of quantum mechanics in its Schr\"{o}dinger representation (working often with the innovative and heuristically productive concept of ${\cal PT}-$symmetry), it is demonstrated…