Related papers: Introduction to Virtual Knot Theory

In this chapter (Chapter V) we present several results which demonstrate a close connection and useful exchange of ideas between graph theory and knot theory. These disciplines were shown to be related from the time of Tait (if not Listing)…

We introduce stable equivalence classes of oriented links in orientable three-manifolds that are orientation $I$-bundles over closed but not necessarily orientable surfaces. We call these twisted links, and show that they subsume the…

We generalize the Wriggle polynomial, first introduced by L. Folwaczny and L. Kauffman, to the case of virtual tangles. This generalization naturally arises when considering the self-crossings of the tangle. We prove that the generalization…

In this paper we study the chord index of virtual knots, which can be thought of as an extension of the chord parity. We show how to use the chord index to define finite type invariants of virtual knots. The notions of indexed Jones…

Kuperberg [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 3 (2003) 587-591] has shown that a virtual knot corresponds (up to generalized Reidemeister moves) to a unique embedding in a thichened surface of minimal genus. If a virtual knot diagram is equivalent to a…

This paper studies cobordism and concordance for virtual knots. We define the affine index polynomial, prove that it is a concordance invariant for knots and links (explaining when it is defined for links), show that it is also invariant…

We consider several classes of knotted objects, namely usual, virtual and welded pure braids and string links, and two equivalence relations on those objects, induced by either self-crossing changes or self-virtualizations. We provide a…

In this paper we construct new invariants of knotoids including the odd writhe, the parity bracket polynomial, the affine index polynomial and the arrow polynomial, and give an introduction to the theory of virtual knotoids. The invariants…

A pseudodiagram is a diagram of a knot with some crossing information missing. We review and expand the theory of pseudodiagrams introduced by R. Hanaki. We then extend this theory to the realm of virtual knots, a generalization of knots.…

Checkerboard framings are an extension of checkerboard colorings for virtual links. According to checkerboard framings, in 2017, Dye obtained an independent invariant of virtual links: the cut point number. Checkerboard framings and cut…

A virtual link may be defined as an equivalence class of diagrams, or alternatively as a stable equivalence class of links in thickened surfaces. We prove that a minimal crossing virtual link diagram has minimal genus across representatives…

We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…

This paper is an introduction to the state sum model for the Alexander-Conway polynomial that was introduced in the the author's book "Formal Knot Theory" (Princeton University Press, 1983). The article outlines how Alexander's original…

Study of certain isotopy classes of a finite collection of immersed circles without triple or higher intersections on closed oriented surfaces can be thought of as a planar analogue of virtual knot theory where the genus zero case…

An elementary introduction to knot theory and its link to quantum field theory is presented with an intention to provide details of some basic calculations in the subject, which are not easily found in texts. Study of Chern-Simons theory…

We define a multi-variable version of the Affine Index Polynomial for virtual links. This invariant reduces to the original Affine Index Polynomial in the case of virtual knots, and also generalizes the version for compatible virtual links…

In the present paper we give a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed the braiding method given in this paper is quite general, and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. We…

In this paper, we discuss filamentations on oriented chord diagrams. When a filamentation cannot be realized on an oriented chord diagram, then the corresponding flat virtual knot is non-trivial. If a flat knot diagram is non-trivial, then…

This paper is a survey of knot theory and invariants of knots and links from the point of view of categories of diagrams. The topics range from foundations of knot theory to virtual knot theory and topological quantum field theory.

The virtual skein relation for the Jones polynomial of the virtual link diagram was introduced by N. Kamada, S. Nakabo, and S. Satoh. H. A. Dye, L. H. Kauffman, and Y. Miyazawa introduced multivariable polynomial, an invariant of virtual…