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Networked structures arise in a wide array of different contexts such as technological and transportation infrastructures, social phenomena, and biological systems. These highly interconnected systems have recently been the focus of a great…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alain Barrat , Marc Barthelemy , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras , Alessandro Vespignani

While the utility of well-chosen abstractions for understanding and predicting the behaviour of complex systems is well appreciated, precisely what an abstraction $\textit{is}$ has so far has largely eluded mathematical formalization. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Beren Millidge

Higher-order network analysis uses the ideas of hypergraphs, simplicial complexes, multilinear and tensor algebra, and more, to study complex systems. These are by now well established mathematical abstractions. What's new is that the ideas…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Austin R. Benson , David F. Gleich , Desmond J. Higham

Complex networks underlie an enormous variety of social, biological, physical, and virtual systems. A profound complication for the science of complex networks is that in most cases, observing all nodes and all network interactions is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-02-08 Catherine A. Bliss , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

In network science complex systems are represented as a mathematical graphs consisting of a set of nodes representing the components and a set of edges representing their interactions. The framework of networks has led to significant…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-07 Alexandre Bovet , Hernán A. Makse

Real-world networks such as the Internet and WWW have many common traits. Until now, hundreds of models were proposed to characterize these traits for understanding the networks. Because different models used very different mechanisms, it…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Bojin Zheng , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang , Jun Qin , Wenhua Du , Jianmin Wang , Deyi Li

We suggest an approach to study hierarchy, especially hidden one, of complex networks based on the analysis of their vulnerability. Two quantities are proposed as a measure of network hierarchy. The first one is the system vulnerability V.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Gol'dshtein , G. A. Koganov , G. I. Surdutovich

Built upon the shoulders of graph theory, the field of complex networks has become a central tool for studying real systems across various fields of research. Represented as graphs, different systems can be studied using the same analysis…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-30 Gorka Zamora-López , Matthieu Gilson

Networks are pervasive in the real world. Nature, society, economy, and technology are supported by ostensibly different networks that in fact share an amazing number of interesting structural properties. Network thinking exploded in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-19 Massimo Franceschet

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) are rising in popularity for all kinds of applications. To safely use CVNNs in practice, analyzing their robustness against outliers is crucial. One well known technique to understand the behavior of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Florian Eilers , Christof Duhme , Xiaoyi Jiang

A common technique to verify complex logic specifications for dynamical systems is the construction of symbolic abstractions: simpler, finite-state models whose behaviour mimics the one of the systems of interest. Typically, abstractions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-30 Rudi Coppola , Andrea Peruffo , Manuel Mazo

Data classification techniques partition the data or feature space into smaller sub-spaces, each corresponding to a specific class. To classify into subspaces, physical features e.g., distance and distributions are utilized. This approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Josimar Chire , Khalid Mahmood , Zhao Liang

The study of networks plays a crucial role in investigating the structure, dynamics, and function of a wide variety of complex systems in myriad disciplines. Despite the success of traditional network analysis, standard networks provide a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-04-05 Manlio De Domenico , Clara Granell , Mason A. Porter , Alex Arenas

Most real complex networks -- such as protein interactions, social contacts, the internet -- are only partially known and available to us. While the process of exploring such networks in many cases resembles a random walk, it becomes a key…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-09-19 Luciano da Fontoura Costa

Abstraction is the process of extracting the essential features from raw data while ignoring irrelevant details. It is well known that abstraction emerges with depth in neural networks, where deep layers capture abstract characteristics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Carlo Orientale Caputo , Elias Seiffert , Enrico Frausin , Matteo Marsili

While abstraction is a classic tool of verification to scale it up, it is not used very often for verifying neural networks. However, it can help with the still open task of scaling existing algorithms to state-of-the-art network…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Pranav Ashok , Vahid Hashemi , Jan Křetínský , Stefanie Mohr

When analyzing complex networks, an important task is the identification of those nodes which play a leading role for the overall communicability of the network. In the context of modifying networks (or making them robust against targeted…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-06 Marcel Schweitzer

Methods from statistical physics, such as those involving complex networks, have been increasingly used in quantitative analysis of linguistic phenomena. In this paper, we represented pieces of text with different levels of simplification…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-02-20 Diego R. Amancio , Sandra M. Aluisio , Osvaldo N. Oliveira , Luciano da F. Costa

A complex network approach on a rough fracture is developed. In this manner, some hidden metric spaces (similarity measurements) between apertures profiles are set up and a general evolutionary network in two directions (in parallel and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-05-12 H. O. Ghaffari , M. Sharifzadeh , M. Fall , E. Evgin

Dynamical networks are powerful tools for modeling a broad range of complex systems, including financial markets, brains, and ecosystems. They encode how the basic elements (nodes) of these systems interact altogether (via links) and evolve…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-03-13 Edward Laurence , Nicolas Doyon , Louis J Dubé , Patrick Desrosiers