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String equations of the $p$-th generalized Kontsevich model and the compactified $c = 1$ string theory are re-examined in the language of the Toda lattice hierarchy. As opposed to a hypothesis postulated in the literature, the generalized…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Kanehisa Takasaki

This is an overview of recent results on the use of 2D Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for multiparametric families of weighted Hurwitz numbers. The Bose-Fermi equivalence composed with the characteristic map provides an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 J. Harnad

Hurwitz numbers are the Laurent coefficients of an elliptic function $\wp(u)$ of cyclotomic type, and they are natural generalization of the Bernoulli numbers. This paper gives new generalization of Bernoulli and Hurwitz numbers for higher…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yoshihiro Ônishi

The quantum spectral curve equation associated to KP $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type serving as generating functions for rationally weighted Hurwitz numbers is solved by generalized hypergeometric series. The basis elements spanning…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 M. Bertola , J. Harnad

Multicurrent correlators associated to KP $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type are used as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers. These are expressed as formal Taylor series and used to compute generic, simple, rational and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 M. Bertola , J. Harnad , B. Runov

We explain how Gaussian integrals over ensemble of complex matrices with source matrices generate Hurwitz numbers of the most general type, namely, Hurwitz numbers with arbitrary orientable or non-orientable base surface and arbitrary…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Sergei M. Natanzon , Aleksandr Yu. Orlov

Bigraded Toda hierarchy $L_1^M(n)=L_2^N(n)$ is generalized to $L_1^M(n)=L_2^{N}(n)+\sum_{j\in \mathbb Z}\sum_{i=1}^{m}q^{(i)}_n\Lambda^jr^{(i)}_{n+1}$, which is the analogue of the famous constrained KP hierarchy $L^{k}=…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-05-31 Yue Liu , Xingjie Yan , Jinbiao Wang , Jipeng Cheng

The construction of hypergeometric 2D Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for quantum Hurwitz numbers is extended here to multispecies families. Both the enumerative geometrical significance of these multispecies quantum Hurwitz…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-01 J. Harnad

To distinguish the contributions to the generalized Hurwitz number of the source Riemann surface with different genus, we define the genus expanded cut-and-join operators by observing carefully the symplectic surgery and the gluing formulas…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Quan Zheng

The symmetries of the L\'evy-Leblond equation are investigated beyond the standard Lie framework. It is shown that the equation has two remarkable symmetries. One is given by the super Schr\"odinger algebra and the other one by a $\ZZ$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-03-06 N. Aizawa , Z. Kuznetsova , H. Tanaka , F. Toppan

Weighted constellations give graphical representations of weighted branched coverings of the Riemann sphere. They were introduced to provide a combinatorial interpretation of the $2$D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type serving as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 J. Harnad , B. Runov

Classically, a single weight on an interval of the real line leads to moments, orthogonal polynomials and tridiagonal matrices. Appropriately deforming this weight with times t=(t_1,t_2,...), leads to the standard Toda lattice and…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2016-09-07 Mark Adler , Pierre van Moerbeke

Direct links between generalized harmonic numbers, linear Euler sums and Tornheim double series are established in a more perspicuous manner than is found in existing literature. We show that every linear Euler sum can be decomposed into a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Kunle Adegoke

In this paper we announce some results obtained for certain algebraic functions, which we call of cyclotomic type. The main results properly resemble von Staudt-Clausen's theorem and Kummer's congruence for the Bernoulli numbers, and such…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yoshihiro Ônishi

We introduce and investigate a family of tau-functions of the 2D Toda hierarchy, which is a natural generalization of the hypergeometric family associated with Hurwitz numbers. For this family we prove a skew Schur function expansion…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Alexander Alexandrov

By employing contour integration the derivation of a generalized double finite series involving the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function is used to derive closed form formulae in terms of special functions. We use this procedure to find special…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Robert Reynolds

W-operators are differential operators on the polynomial ring. Mironov, Morosov and Natanzon construct the generalized Hurwitz numbers. They use the W-operator to prove a formula for the generating function of the generalized Hurwitz…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-20 Hao Sun

In this letter,we present our conjecture on the connection between the Kontsevich--Witten and the Hurwitz tau-functions. The conjectural formula connects these two tau-functions by means of the $GL(\infty)$ group element. An important…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-03 A. Alexandrov

In terms of the derivative operator, integral operator and Saalsch\"{u}tz's theorem, two families of summation formulae involving generalized harmonic numbers are established.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-01 Chuanan Wei

The normal ordering coefficients of strings consisting of $V,U$ which satisfy $UV=qVU+hV^s$ ($s\in\mathbb N$) are considered. These coefficients are studied in two contexts: first, as a multiple of a sequence satisfying a generalized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-08-21 Roberto B. Corcino , Ken Joffaniel M. Gonzales , Richell O. Celeste