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Classical beams of light with non-uniform polarization patterns (e.g. radially and azimuthally polarized doughnut beams) may exhibit quantum-like features as, for instance, inseparability. We establish an exact correspondence between…
Quantum descriptions of polarization show the rich degrees of freedom underlying classical light. While changes in polarization of light are well-described classically, a full quantum description of polarimetry, which characterizes…
We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be geometrically interpreted using the Poincar\'e sphere.…
Polarization is one of light's most versatile degrees of freedom for both classical and quantum applications. The ability to measure light's state of polarization and changes therein is thus essential; this is the science of polarimetry. It…
The modes of the electromagnetic field are solutions of Maxwell's equations taking into account the material boundary conditions. The field modes of classical optics - properly normalized - are also the mode functions of quantum optics.…
In this review we discuss intriguing properties of apparently classical optical fields, that go beyond purely classical context and allow us to speak about quantum characteristics of such fields and about their applications in quantum…
The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…
We present a moment expansion method for the systematic characterization of the polarization properties of quantum states of light. Specifically, we link the method to the measurements of the Stokes operator in different directions on the…
Quantum approaches relying on entangled photons have been recently proposed to increase the efficiency of optical measurements. We demonstrate here that, surprisingly, the use of classical light with entangled degrees of freedom can also…
Within the new description of the polarization structure of quantum light (given in Part I) some types of generalized coherent states related to the polarization SU(2) group are examined. With their help we give a quasiclassical description…
Light beams offer many degrees of freedom to be explored in discrete and continuous domains. In addition to the possibility of entangling photons in these many degrees of freedom, it makes light a very useful and versatile tool for quantum…
We present a theoretical analysis of the connection between classical polarization optics and quantum mechanics of two-level systems. First, we review the matrix formalism of classical polarization optics from a quantum information…
Quantum mechanics of photons is derived from the theory of representations of the Poincar\'e group developed by Wigner. This theory places helicity as the most fundamental property; angular momentum and polarization are secondary…
We provide a theoretical investigation of optical Poincar\'e beams that exhibit interwinding chiral polarized domains upon propagation. We employ both analytical and numerical methods in order to investigate this phenomenon. Specifically,…
Quantum polarization is investigated by means of a trajectory picture based on the Bohmian formulation of quantum mechanics. Relevant examples of classical-like two-mode field states are thus examined, namely Glauber and SU(2) coherent…
We demonstrate experimentally a simple and easy-to-use technique aimed at measuring the complex orbital angular momentum spectrum of an arbitrary optical field making use of just polarization measurements. The technique can be applied to…
We investigate interesting symmetry properties verified by the down-converted beams produced in optical parametric amplification with structured light. We show that the Poincar\'e sphere symmetry, previously demonstrated for first-order…
Cylindrically symmetric electron beams in spin polarization are reported for the first time. They are shown to be the eigen states of total angular momentum in the $z$ direction. But they are neither the eigen states of spin nor the eigen…
A classical circularly polarized electromagnetic wave carries angular momentum, and represents the classical limit of a photon, which carries quantized spin. It is shown that a very similar picture of a circularly polarized coherent wave…
We present a study of geometric phases in classical wave and polarisation optics using the basic mathematical framework of quantum mechanics. Important physical situations taken from scalar wave optics, pure polarisation optics, and the…