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It can be insightful to extend qualitative studies with a secondary quantitative analysis (where the former suggests insightful questions that the latter can answer). Documenting developer beliefs should be the start, not the end, of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Shrikanth N. C. , Tim Menzies

Providing effective guidance for users has long been an important and challenging task for efficient exploratory visual analytics, especially when selecting variables for visualization in high-dimensional datasets. Correlation is the most…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Arran Zeyu Wang , David Borland , David Gotz

We examine the role of trustworthiness and trust in statistical inference, arguing that it is the extent of trustworthiness in inferential statistical tools which enables trust in the conclusions. Certain tools, such as the p-value and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-11 David J. Hand

Transparency is a fundamental requirement for decision making systems when these should be deployed in the real world. It is usually achieved by providing explanations of the system's behavior. A prominent and intuitive type of explanations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 André Artelt , Valerie Vaquet , Riza Velioglu , Fabian Hinder , Johannes Brinkrolf , Malte Schilling , Barbara Hammer

Science of science has become a popular topic that attracts great attentions from the research community. The development of data analytics technologies and the readily available scholarly data enable the exploration of data-driven…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Jie Hou , Hanxiao Pan , Teng Guo , Ivan Lee , Xiangjie Kong , Feng Xia

We develop a logical framework for reasoning about knowledge and evidence in which the agent may be uncertain about how to interpret their evidence. Rather than representing an evidential state as a fixed subset of the state space, our…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Adam Bjorndahl , Aybüke Özgün

Adaptive experimental design methods are increasingly being used in industry as a tool to boost testing throughput or reduce experimentation cost relative to traditional A/B/N testing methods. This paper shares lessons learned regarding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Tanner Fiez , Sergio Gamez , Arick Chen , Houssam Nassif , Lalit Jain

An agent often has a number of hypotheses, and must choose among them based on observations, or outcomes of experiments. Each of these observations can be viewed as providing evidence for or against various hypotheses. All the attempts to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

All scientific interpretations of statistical outputs depend on background (auxiliary) assumptions that are rarely delineated or explicitly interrogated. These include not only the usual modeling assumptions, but also deeper assumptions…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-01 Sander Greenland , Zad Rafi , Robert Matthews , Megan Higgs

In most circumstances, probability sampling is the only way to ensure unbiased inference about population quantities where a complete census is not possible. As we enter the era of 'big data', however, nonprobability samples, whose sampling…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-18 Robin J. Boyd , Gary D. Powney , Oliver L. Pescott

The last decades saw dramatic progress in brain research. These advances were often buttressed by probing single variables to make circumscribed discoveries, typically through null hypothesis significance testing. New ways for generating…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-26 Danilo Bzdok , John Ioannidis

Statistics is running the risk of appearing irrelevant to today's undergraduate students. Today's undergraduate students are familiar with data science projects and they judge statistics against what they have seen. Statistics, especially…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2016-07-05 Adam Loy

The use of simulation-based methods for introducing inference is growing in popularity for the Stat 101 course, due in part to increasing evidence of the methods ability to improve students' statistical thinking. This impact comes from…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2015-08-04 Nathan Tintle , Beth Chance , George Cobb , Soma Roy , Todd Swanson , Jill VanderStoep

When collaborating with multiple parties, communicating relevant information is of utmost importance to efficiently completing the tasks at hand. Under active inference, communication can be cast as sharing beliefs between free-energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ozan Catal , Toon Van de Maele , Riddhi J. Pitliya , Mahault Albarracin , Candice Pattisapu , Tim Verbelen

Statistics is one of the most valuable of disciplines. Science is based on proof and it alone produces results, other approaches are not, and do not. Statistics is the only acceptable language of proof in science. Yet statistics is…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2016-04-20 Alexander Nussbaum , Richard Seides

In the absence of randomized controlled and natural experiments, it is necessary to balance the distributions of (observable) covariates of the treated and control groups in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of a causal effect of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-02 Martin Cousineau , Vedat Verter , Susan A. Murphy , Joelle Pineau

We argue for a foundational epistemic claim and a hypothesis about the production and uses of mathematical epidemiological models, exploring the consequences for our political and socio-economic lives. First, in order to make the best use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Matthias Kaiser , Tatjana Buklijas , Peter Gluckman

While running any experiment, we often have to consider the statistical power to ensure an effective study. Statistical power or power ensures that we can observe an effect with high probability if such a true effect exists. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Ajinkya K Mulay , Sean Lane , Erin Hennes

The plausibility of uncommon events and miracles based on testimony of such an event has been much discussed. When analyzing the probabilities involved, it has mostly been assumed that the common events can be taken as data in the…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-01 V. Palonen

Statistical estimation in many contemporary settings involves the acquisition, analysis, and aggregation of datasets from multiple sources, which can have significant differences in character and in value. Due to these variations, the…

Applications · Statistics 2014-12-23 Quentin Berthet , Venkat Chandrasekaran