Related papers: Measuring the thermalization time
Materials lacking in-plane symmetry are ubiquitous in a wide range of applications such as electronics, thermoelectrics, and high-temperature superconductors, in all of which the thermal properties of the materials play a critical part.…
Hard photon emitted from energetic heavy ion collisions is of very interesting since it does not experience the late-stage nuclear interaction, therefore it is useful to explore the early-stage information of matter phase. In this work, we…
Recent highlights from the anisotropic flow and the azimuthal correlation measurements in a heavy-ion collisions at the LHC are presented. Various flow harmonics measured for the charged and identified particles versus transverse momentum,…
We review topics related to the first moment of azimuthal anisotropy ($v_1$), commonly known as directed flow, focusing on both charged particles and identified particles from heavy-ion collisions. Beam energies from the highest available,…
The photon emission from the late stages of the dynamical evolution of heavy-ion reactions at the highest RHIC and LHC energies is investigated. A comparison between a calculation from hadronic rates from a fluid dynamic evolution down to…
We focus on the initial state spatial anisotropies, originating at the thermalization stage, for central collisions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We propose that a plot of the root mean square values of the flow coefficients…
The correlation between the event mean-transverse momentum $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the anisotropic flow magnitude $v_n$, $\rho(v^{2}_{n},[p_{T}])$, has been argued to be sensitive to the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We use…
We first review previous work on anisotropic flow at the AGS and SPS. Then the physics related to flow is discussed as well as the interaction of flow with other non-flow measurements. From 40k RQMD and 100k HIJING events predictions for…
The $p_T$ dependent elliptic and triangular flow parameters of direct photons are known to be dominated by thermal radiations. The non-thermal contributions dilute the photon anisotropic flow by adding extra weight factor in the $v_n$…
We investigate how the initial geometry of a heavy-ion collision is transformed into final flow observables by solving event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics with realistic fluctuating initial conditions. We study quantitatively to what extent…
Anisotropies in the initial energy density distribution of the quark-gluon plasma created in high energy heavy ion collisions lead to anisotropies in the azimuthal distributions of the final-state particles known as collective flow. Fourier…
The recently formulated framework of anisotropic hydrodynamics is used in 3+1 dimensions to study behavior of matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The model predictions for various hadronic observables show that the effects…
ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles…
The rapid expansion of the fireball created in a heavy-ion collision causes strong departures from local equilibrium. Such effects are especially important in the very early phase of the collision, bringing a substantial pressure asymmetry.…
We present analytic results that describe the gluon field, or glasma, at very early times after a collision of relativistic heavy ions at proper time $\tau=0$. We use a Colour Glass Condensate approach, and perform an expansion in $\tau$.…
By means of a metal opto-acoustic transducer we generate quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse picosecond strain pulses in a (311)-GaAs substrate and monitor their propagation by picosecond acoustic interferometry. By probing at the…
The understanding of heavy ion collisions and its quark-gluon plasma formation requires a complicated interplay of rich physics in a wealth of experimental data. In this work we compare for identified particles the transverse momentum…
Measurements of the elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular ($v_3$) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients are presented for D$^0$ mesons produced in b hadron decays (nonprompt D$^0$ mesons) in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV.…
The collective expansion of matter created in collisions of heavy-ions, ranging from collision energies of tens of MeV to a few TeV per nucleon pair, proved to be one of the best probes to study the detailed properties of these unknown…
The optical conductivity of heavy fermions can reveal fundamental properties of the charge carrier dynamics in these strongly correlated electron systems. Here we extend the conventional techniques of infrared optics on heavy fermions by…