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A box-ball system is a discrete dynamical system whose dynamics come from the balls jumping according to certain rules. A permutation on n objects gives a box-ball system state by assigning its one-line notation to n consecutive boxes.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Ben Drucker , Eli Garcia , Emily Gunawan , Aubrey Rumbolt , Rose Silver

The box-ball system (BBS), introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in 1990, is a cellular automaton that exhibits solitonic behaviour. In this article, we study the BBS when started from a random two-sided infinite particle configuration. For…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-15 David A. Croydon , Tsuyoshi Kato , Makiko Sasada , Satoshi Tsujimoto

A box-ball system (BBS) is a discrete dynamical system consisting of n balls in an infinite strip of boxes. During each BBS move, the balls take turns jumping to the first empty box, beginning with the smallest-numbered ball. The one-line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Marisa Cofie , Olivia Fugikawa , Emily Gunawan , Madelyn Stewart , David Zeng

Kuniba, Okado, Takagi and Yamada have found that the time-evolution of the Takahashi-Satsuma box-ball system can be linearized by considering rigged configurations associated with states of the box-ball system. We introduce a simple way to…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2018-01-03 Saburo Kakei , Jonathan J. C. Nimmo , Satoshi Tsujimoto , Ralph Willox

The Box-Ball System, shortly BBS, was introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma as a discrete counterpart of the KdV equation. Both systems exhibit solitons whose shape and speed are conserved after collision with other solitons. We introduce a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Pablo A. Ferrari , Chi Nguyen , Leonardo T. Rolla , Minmin Wang

The Box-Ball System (BBS) is a cellular automaton introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in the 1990s. The system is a discrete counterpart of the KdV equation and exhibits solitonic behavior. Recently, the BBS started from a random two-sided…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Kazuki Kondo

The box-ball system is studied from the viewpoint of combinatorics of words and tableaux. Each state of the box-ball system can be transformed into a pair of tableaux $(P,Q)$ by the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. In the language…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kaori Fukuda

We deduce a generalized hydrodynamic limit for the box-ball system, which explains how the densities of solitons of different sizes evolve asymptotically under Euler space-time scaling. To describe the limiting soliton flow, we introduce a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 David A. Croydon , Makiko Sasada

A soliton cellular automaton on a one dimensional semi-infinite lattice with a reflecting end is presented. It extends a box-ball system on an infinite lattice associated with the crystal base of U_q(sl_n). A commuting family of time…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-26 Atsuo Kuniba , Masato Okado , Yasuhiko Yamada

The box ball system is studied in the crystal theory formulation. New conserved quantities and the phase shift of the soliton scattering are obtained by considering the energy function (or $H$-function) in the combinatorial $R$-matrix.

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2009-10-31 Kaori Fukuda , Masato Okado , Yasuhiko Yamada

We propose a solitonic dynamical system over finite fields that may be regarded as an analogue of the box-ball systems. The one-soliton solutions of the system, which have nested structures similar to fractals, are also proved. The…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2014-08-04 Fumitaka Yura

We introduce the Stochastic Box-Ball System (SBBS), a probabilistic cellular automaton that generalizes the classic Takahashi-Satsuma Box-Ball System. In SBBS, particles are transported by a carrier with a fixed capacity that may fail to…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-31 David Keating , Minjun Kim , Eva Loeser , Hanbaek Lyu

In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of the phase shift phenomenon of the classical soliton cellular automaton known as the box-ball system, ultimately resulting in a statement and proof of a formula describing this phase shift.…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2022-08-26 Nicholas M. Ercolani , Jonathan Ramalheira-Tsu

We study the space-time scaling limits of solitons in the box-ball system with random initial distribution. In particular, we show that any recentered tagged soliton converges to a Brownian motion in the diffusive space-time scale, and also…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Stefano Olla , Makiko Sasada , Hayate Suda

A delay analogue of the box and ball system (BBS) is presented. This new soliton cellular automaton is constructed by the ultra-discretization of the delay discrete Lotka-Volterra equation, which is an integrable delay analogue of the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-02-29 Kenta Nakata , Kanta Negishi , Hiroshi Matsuoka , Ken-ichi Maruno

We study a 2-dimensional Box-Ball system which is a ultradiscrete analog of the discrete KP equation. We construct an algorithm to calculate the fundamental cycle, which is an important conserved quantity of the 2-dim. Box-Ball system with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Shinsuke Iwao

Box-ball system (BBS) is a prominent example of integrable cellular automata in one dimension connected to quantum groups, Bethe ansatz, ultradiscretization, tropical geometry and so forth. In this paper we study the generalized Gibbs…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 Atsuo Kuniba , Grégoire Misguich , Vincent Pasquier

A connection between the finite ultradiscrete Toda lattice and the box-ball system is extended to the case where each box has own capacity and a carrier has a capacity parameter depending on time. In order to consider this connection, new…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-02-13 Kazuki Maeda

The box-ball system (BBS) is a cellular automaton that is an ultradiscrete analogue of the Korteweg--de Vries equation, a non-linear PDE used to model water waves. In 2001, Hikami and Inoue generalised the BBS to the general linear Lie…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-03-05 Mitchell Ryan , Benjamin Solomon

Putting several hard balls into a two-dimensional bowl can form a very basic two-dimensional model of hard-ball system. When the two-dimensional bowl has a parallel-rotation at a uniform speed around a center, when the number of balls is…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-07-10 T. Z. Lin
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