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A graph $G$ is $\textit{universal}$ for a (finite) family $\mathcal{H}$ of graphs if every $H \in \mathcal{H}$ is a subgraph of $G$. For a given family $\mathcal{H}$, the goal is to determine the smallest number of edges an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Noga Alon , Natalie Dodson , Carmen Jackson , Rose McCarty , Rajko Nenadov , Lani Southern

We refine and advance the study of the local structure of idempotent finite algebras started in [A.Bulatov, The Graph of a Relational Structure and Constraint Satisfaction Problems, LICS, 2004]. We introduce a graph-like structure on an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-28 Andrei A. Bulatov

In 1992, Hendrickson proved that (d+1)-connectivity and redundant rigidity are necessary conditions for a generic (non-complete) bar-joint framework to be globally rigid in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Jackson and Jordan confirmed in 2005 that these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Viktoria E. Kaszanitzky , Bernd Schulze , Shin-ichi Tanigawa

A ring is rigid if there is no nonzero locally nilpotent derivation on it. In terms of algebraic geometry, a rigid coordinate ring corresponds to an algebraic affine variety which does not allow any nontrivial algebraic additive group…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-05-28 Anthony J. Crachiola , Stefan Maubach

We consider the rigidity and global rigidity of bar-joint frameworks in Euclidean $d$-space under additional dilation constraints in specified coordinate directions. In this setting we obtain a complete characterisation of generic rigidity.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-23 Sean Dewar , Anthony Nixon , Andrew Sainsbury

Jord\'an and Tanigawa recently introduced the $d$-dimensional algebraic connectivity $a_d(G)$ of a graph $G$. This is a quantitative measure of the $d$-dimensional rigidity of $G$ which generalizes the well-studied notion of spectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-05 Alan Lew , Eran Nevo , Yuval Peled , Orit E. Raz

The problem of combinatorially determining the rank of the 3-dimensional bar-joint {\em rigidity matroid} of a graph is an important open problem in combinatorial rigidity theory. Maxwell's condition states that the edges of a graph $G=(V,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Jialong Cheng , Meera Sitharam

A $d$-dimensional framework is a pair $(G,p)$, where $G=(V,E)$ is a graph and $p$ is a map from $V$ to $\mathbb{R}^d$. The length of an edge $xy\in E$ in $(G,p)$ is the distance between $p(x)$ and $p(y)$. A vertex pair $\{u,v\}$ of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Tibor Jordán , Soma Villányi

Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices, and $d$ be a target dimension. In this paper we study the set of rank $n-d-1$ matrices that are equilibrium stress matrices for at least one (unspecified) $d$-dimensional framework of $G$ in general…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Robert Connelly , Steven J. Gortler , Louis Theran

We define a covering of a profinite graph to be a projective limit of a system of covering maps of finite graphs. With this notion of covering, we develop a covering theory for profinite graphs which is in many ways analogous to the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2015-07-06 Amrita Acharyya , Jon M. Corson , Bikash Das

We investigate the property of boundary rigidity for the projective structures associated to torsion-free affine connections on connected analytic manifolds with boundary. We show that these structures are generically boundary rigid,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-11 Jack Borthwick , Niky Kamran

Whiteley \cite{wh} gives a complete characterization of the infinitesimal flexes of complete bipartite frameworks. Our work generalizes a specific infinitesimal flex to include joined graphs, a family of graphs that contain the complete…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Timothy Sun , Chun Ye

This note gives a detailed proof of the following statement. Let $d\in \mathbb{N}$ and $m,n \ge d + 1$, with $m + n \ge \binom{d+2}{2} + 1$. Then the complete bipartite graph $K_{m,n}$ is generically globally rigid in dimension $d$.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Robert Connelly , Steven J. Gortler , Louis Theran

It is well-known that the property of a bar-and-joint framework `to be infinitesimally rigid' is invariant under projective transformations of Eucliean $d$-space for every $d\geqslant 2$. It is less known that the property of a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Victor Alexandrov

A 2-dimensional point-line framework is a collection of points and lines in the plane which are linked by pairwise constraints that fix some angles between pairs of lines and also some point-line and point-point distances. It is rigid if…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-26 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

Networks are inherently vulnerable to vertex failures, making the analysis of their structural robustness a fundamental problem in graph theory. In this study, we investigate the closeness and vertex residual closeness of graphs, with a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hande Tuncel Golpek , Mehmet Ali Bilici , Aysun Aytac

Consider a collection of points in the plane and the sets of slopes or directions of the lines between pairs of points. It is known that the algebraic matroid on the set of direction constraints between the points is equivalent to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger , Anthony Nixon , Zvi Rosen , William Sims , Meera Sitharam , David Urizar

We extend the mathematical theory of rigidity of frameworks (graphs embedded in $d$-dimensional space) to consider nonlocal rigidity and flexibility properties. We provide conditions on a framework under which (I) as the framework flexes…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Miranda Holmes-Cerfon , Louis Theran , Steven J. Gortler

A 2-dimensional framework is a straight line realisation of a graph in the Euclidean plane. It is radically solvable if the set of vertex coordinates is contained in a radical extension of the field of rationals extended by the squared edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-09 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is $d$-sparse if each subset $X\subseteq V$ with $|X|\geq d$ induces at most $d|X|-{{d+1}\choose{2}}$ edges in $G$. Maxwell showed in 1864 that a necessary condition for a generic bar-and-joint framework with at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-09 Bill Jackson , Hakan Guler