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A strong direct product theorem states that, in order to solve k instances of a problem, if we provide less than k times the resource required to compute one instance, then the probability of overall success is exponentially small in k. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-02-20 Rahul Jain , Penghui Yao

We show that quantum query complexity satisfies a strong direct product theorem. This means that computing $k$ copies of a function with less than $k$ times the quantum queries needed to compute one copy of the function implies that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-23 Troy Lee , Jérémie Roland

A strong direct product theorem says that if we want to compute k independent instances of a function, using less than k times the resources needed for one instance, then our overall success probability will be exponentially small in k. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hartmut Klauck , Robert Spalek , Ronald de Wolf

The direct product problem is a fundamental question in complexity theory which seeks to understand how the difficulty of computing a function on each of k independent inputs scales with k. We prove the following direct product theorem…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-05-12 Andrew Drucker

A strong direct product theorem states that if we want to compute $k$ independent instances of a function, using less than $k$ times the resources needed for one instance, then the overall success probability will be exponentially small in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-04-12 Hartmut Klauck

We prove a direct product theorem for the one-way entanglement-assisted quantum communication complexity of a general relation $f\subseteq\mathcal{X}\times\mathcal{Y}\times\mathcal{Z}$. For any $\varepsilon, \zeta > 0$ and any $k\geq1$, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Rahul Jain , Srijita Kundu

In this paper, we show a direct product theorm in the model of two-party bounded-round public-coin randomized communication complexity. For a relation f subset of X times Y times Z (X,Y,Z are finite sets), let R^{(t), pub}_e (f) denote the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-01-10 Rahul Jain , Attila Pereszlenyi , Penghui Yao

Direct sum theorems state that the cost of solving $k$ instances of a problem is at least $\Omega(k)$ times the cost of solving a single instance. We prove the first such results in the randomised parity decision tree model. We show that a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tyler Besselman , Mika Göös , Siyao Guo , Gilbert Maystre , Weiqiang Yuan

We present a new method for proving lower bounds on quantum query algorithms. The new method is an extension of adversary method, by analyzing the eigenspace structure of the problem. Using the new method, we prove a strong direct product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis

The main result of this paper is an optimal strong direct product result for the two-party public-coin randomized communication complexity of the Tribes function. This is proved by providing an alternate proof of the optimal lower bound of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Prahladh Harsha , Rahul Jain

We give a new version of the adversary method for proving lower bounds on quantum query algorithms. The new method is based on analyzing the eigenspace structure of the problem at hand. We use it to prove a new and optimal strong direct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis , Robert Spalek , Ronald de Wolf

We give a direct product theorem for the entanglement-assisted interactive quantum communication complexity of an $l$-player predicate $\mathsf{V}$. In particular we show that for a distribution $p$ that is product across the input sets of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Rahul Jain , Srijita Kundu

We prove a direct sum theorem for bounded round entanglement-assisted quantum communication complexity. To do so, we use the fully quantum definition for information cost and complexity that we recently introduced, and use both the fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Dave Touchette

Consider the expected query complexity of computing the $k$-fold direct product $f^{\otimes k}$ of a function $f$ to error $\varepsilon$ with respect to a distribution $\mu^k$. One strategy is to sequentially compute each of the $k$ copies…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Guy Blanc , Caleb Koch , Carmen Strassle , Li-Yang Tan

A fundamental question in computer science is: Is it harder to solve $n$ instances independently than to solve them simultaneously? This question, known as the direct sum question or direct sum theorem, has been paid much attention in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Daiki Suruga

We revisit the direct sum questions in communication complexity which asks whether the resource needed to solve $n$ communication problems together is (approximately) the sum of resources needed to solve these problems separately. Our work…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Hao Wu

We show a direct product result for two-way public coin communication complexity of all relations in terms of a new complexity measure that we define. Our new measure is a generalization to non-product distributions of the two-way product…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-11-29 Rahul Jain

Although a quantum state requires exponentially many classical bits to describe, the laws of quantum mechanics impose severe restrictions on how that state can be accessed. This paper shows in three settings that quantum messages have only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-25 Scott Aaronson

The tendency of semidefinite programs to compose perfectly under product has been exploited many times in complexity theory: for example, by Lovasz to determine the Shannon capacity of the pentagon; to show a direct sum theorem for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-05-01 Troy Lee , Rajat Mittal

We prove lower bounds for the direct sum problem for two-party bounded error randomised multiple-round communication protocols. Our proofs use the notion of information cost of a protocol, as defined by Chakrabarti, Shi, Wirth and Yao and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rahul Jain , Jaikumar Radhakrishnan , Pranab Sen
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