Related papers: Cosmic Ray Helium Hardening
Suppose that even the highest energy cosmic rays (CRs) observed on Earth are protons accelerated in local Milky Way Galaxy sources, with few if any from more distant sources. In this paper we treat the problem that supernovae remnants…
Many experiments have confirmed the spectral hardening in a few hundred GV of cosmic ray (CR) nuclei spectra, and 3 different origins have been proposed: the primary source acceleration, the propagation, and the superposition of different…
The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an…
A model is proposed for the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) from ~10^14 eV to the highest energies, >10^20 eV. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are assumed to inject CR protons and ions into the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies--including…
A new analysis of cosmic ray (CR) data collected by the SOKOL experiment in space found that the deuteron-to-helium ratio at energies between 500 and 2000 GeV/nucleon takes the value d/He ~ 1.5. As we will show, this result cannot be…
The balloon-borne Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment launched five times from Antarctica has achieved a cumulative flight duration of about 156 days above 99.5% of the atmosphere. The instrument is configured with…
Recent data on Galactic cosmic-ray (CR) leptons and hadrons gave rise to two exciting problems: on the lepton side, the origin of the rise of the CR positron fraction e+/(e- + e+) at ~10 - 300 GeV of energy; on the hadron side, the nature…
We present new measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei from the second flight of the balloon-borne experiment Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM). The instrument included different particle detectors to provide…
Recent precise measurements of cosmic ray (CR) spectra show that the energy distribution of protons is softer than those of heavier nuclei, and there are spectral hardenings for all nuclear compositions above $\sim$200 GV. Models proposed…
Based on the earlier papers in this series, we discuss here the errors in the prediction of the model, and compare with the error ranges in the spectra for individual elements. The predictions are spectra of $E^{-2.75 \pm 0.04}$ for…
Motivated by the discovery of the non-thermal Fermi bubble features both below and above the Galactic plane, we investigate a scenario in which these bubbles are formed through Galacto-centric outflow. Cosmic rays (CR) both diffusing and…
Boron nuclei in cosmic rays (CRs) are believed to be mainly produced by the fragmentation of heavier nuclei, such as carbon and oxygen, via collisions with the interstellar matter. Therefore, the boron-to-carbon flux ratio (B/C) and the…
There are multiple techniques to determine the chemical composition of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. While most of the methods are primarily sensitive to the average atomic mass, it is challenging to discriminate between the two…
We propose that a hierarchical shock model$\unicode{x2014}$including supernova remnant shocks, galactic wind termination shocks, and accretion shocks around cosmic filaments and galaxy clusters$\unicode{x2014}$can naturally explain the…
We present the first simulations evolving resolved spectra of cosmic rays (CRs) from MeV-TeV energies (including electrons, positrons, (anti)protons, and heavier nuclei), in live kinetic-MHD galaxy simulations with star formation and…
We have calculated the cosmic ray (CR) acceleration at young remnants from Type Ia supernovae expanding into a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). Adopting quasi-parallel magnetic fields, gasdynamic equations and the diffusion convection…
Many experiments have confirmed the spectral hardening at a few hundred GV of cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei spectra, and three general different origins have been proposed: the primary source acceleration, the propagation, and the superposition of…
Motivated by recent measurements of the major components of the cosmic radiation around 10 TeV/nucleon and above, we discuss the phenomenology of a model in which there are two distinct kinds of cosmic ray accelerators in the galaxy.…
Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such…
The process that allows cosmic rays to escape from their sources and be released into the Galaxy is still largely unknown. The comparison between cosmic-ray electron and proton spectra measured at Earth suggests that electrons are released…