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We suggest that vacuum entanglement energy associated with the entanglement entropy of the universe is the origin of dark energy. The observed properties of dark energy can be explained by using the nature of entanglement energy without…
Starlight in the Universe impedes the passage of high energy (e.g. TeV) gamma rays due to positron-electron pair production. The history of this stellar radiation field depends upon observations of star formation rate which themselves can…
We discuss the connection between black hole and holographic dark energy. We examine the issue of the equation of state (EOS) for holographic energy density as a candidate for the dark energy carefully. This is closely related to the EOS…
The acceleration of the expansion of the universe, ascribed to a dark energy, is one of the most intriguing discoveries in science. In addition to precise, systematics controlled data, clear, robust interpretation of the observations is…
Quadratic curvature Gauss-Bonnet gravity may be the solution to the dark energy problem, but a large coupling strength is required. This can lead to conflict with laboratory and planetary tests of Newton's law, as well as light bending. The…
In our recently proposed quantum theory of gravity, the universe is made of `atoms' of space-time-matter (STM). Planck scale foam is composed of STM atoms with Planck length as their associated Compton wave-length. The quantum dispersion…
We consider a set of solutions for a massless quartic scalar field, recently devised, that satisfy a massive dispersion relation. We show that such solutions have the property to give the correct behavior for the equation of state of the…
We have investigated the model of dark energy interacting with dark matter by choosing inhomogeneous equations of state for dark energy and a non-linear interaction term for the underlying interaction. The equation of state have…
Illuminating the nature of dark energy is one of the most important challenges in cosmology today. In this review I discuss several promising observational approaches to understanding dark energy, in the context of the recommendations by…
Towards the goal to quantize gravity, in this short review we discuss an intermediate step which consists in extending the picture of standard General Relativity by considering Extended Theories of Gravity. In this tapestry, the equations…
These lectures aim to highlight the remarkable symbiosis that currently exists between the physics of the very small and the physics of the very large, using the unsolved puzzle of the nature of Dark Energy as a vehicle for so doing. The…
The consideration of dark energy's quanta, required also by thermodynamics, introduces its chemical potential into the cosmological equations. Isolating its main contribution, we obtain solutions with dark energy decaying to matter or…
A system of effective Einstein equations for spatially averaged scalar variables of inhomogeneous cosmological models can be solved by providing a `cosmic equation of state'. Recent efforts to explain Dark Energy focus on `backreaction…
It is shown that some problems connected with dark matter and dark energy can be solved in the framework of the byuon theory
In the context of models where the dark energy density $\rD$ is a random variable, anthropic selection effects may explain both the "old" cosmological constant problem and the "time coincidence". We argue that this type of solution to both…
Despite our present-day inability to predict the topology of the universe it is expected that we should be able to detect it in the near future. A nontrivial detectable topology of the space section of the universe can be probed for all…
In this paper we present a possible origin of dark matter and dark energy from a solution of the Einstein's equation to a primordial universe, which was presented in a previous paper. We also analyze the Dirac's equation in this primordial…
We perform a full dynamical analysis by considering the interactions between dark energy and radiation, and dark energy and dark matter. We find that the interaction helps alleviate the coincidence problem for the quintessence model.
Context. The external regions of galaxy clusters may be under strong influence of the dark energy, discovered by observations of the SN Ia at redshift z < 1. Aims. The presence of the dark energy in the gravitational equilibrium equation,…
To properly solve the coincidence problem ($\Omega_\mathrm{DM} \simeq 5\Omega_\mathrm{VM}$) in a model of asymmetric dark matter, one cannot simply relate the number densities of visible and dark matter without also relating their particle…