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Foundation models like CLIP allow zero-shot transfer on various tasks without additional training data. Yet, the zero-shot performance is less competitive than a fully supervised one. Thus, to enhance the performance, fine-tuning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Beier Zhu , Kaihua Tang , Qianru Sun , Hanwang Zhang

Fine-tuning over large pretrained language models (PLMs) has established many state-of-the-art results. Despite its superior performance, such fine-tuning can be unstable, resulting in significant variance in performance and potential risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Chenghao Yang , Xuezhe Ma

We propose a novel framework for comprehending the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the perspective of meta-learning. By conceptualizing reasoning trajectories as pseudo-gradient descent updates to the LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Linchen Xiao , Shudong Liu , Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted in post-training for large language models (LLMs) at scale. Recently, the incentivization of reasoning capabilities in LLMs from RL indicates that $\textit{proper learning methods could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zijun Liu , Peiyi Wang , Runxin Xu , Shirong Ma , Chong Ruan , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Yu Wu

A machine learning model is calibrated if its predicted probability for an outcome matches the observed frequency for that outcome conditional on the model prediction. This property has become increasingly important as the impact of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Muthu Chidambaram , Rong Ge

Automated fact-checking has been a challenging task for the research community. Prior work has explored various strategies, such as end-to-end training, retrieval-augmented generation, and prompt engineering, to build robust fact-checking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Gaurav Kumar , Ayush Garg , Debajyoti Mazumder , Aditya Kishore , Babu kumar , Jasabanta Patro

The Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test is a commonly used global goodness-of-fit (GOF) test that assesses the quality of the overall fit of a logistic regression model. In this paper, we give results from simulations showing that the type 1 error…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-30 Nikola Surjanovic , Thomas M. Loughin

Self-explaining models are models that reveal decision making parameters in an interpretable manner so that the model reasoning process can be directly understood by human beings. General Linear Models (GLMs) are self-explaining because the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yingjing Lu , Runde Yang

Model checking plays an important role in linear regression as model misspecification seriously affects the validity and efficiency of regression analysis. In practice, model checking is often performed by subjectively evaluating the plot…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Rok Blagus , Jakob Peterlin , Janez Stare

Commonsense reasoning benchmarks have been largely solved by fine-tuning language models. The downside is that fine-tuning may cause models to overfit to task-specific data and thereby forget their knowledge gained during pre-training.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Kaixin Ma , Filip Ilievski , Jonathan Francis , Satoru Ozaki , Eric Nyberg , Alessandro Oltramari

Our work aimed at experimentally assessing the benefits of model ensembling within the context of neural methods for passage reranking. Starting from relatively standard neural models, we use a previous technique named Fast Geometric…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Luís Borges , Bruno Martins , Jamie Callan

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as promising candidates for graph tasks. Many studies leverage natural language to describe graphs and apply LLMs for reasoning, yet most focus narrowly on performance benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yuxiang Wang , Xinnan Dai , Wenqi Fan , Yao Ma

Accurate statistical models of neural spike responses can characterize the information carried by neural populations. But the limited samples of spike counts during recording usually result in model overfitting. Besides, current models…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-17 Qi She , Xiaoli Wu , Beth Jelfs , Adam S. Charles , Rosa H. M. Chan

Large language model (LLM) performance on reasoning problems typically does not generalize out of distribution. Previous work has claimed that this can be mitigated with chain of thought prompting-a method of demonstrating solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

Training large-scale generative models is resource-intensive and relies heavily on heuristic dataset weighting. We address two fundamental questions: Can we train Large Language Models (LLMs) modularly-combining small, domain-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Corinna Cortes , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Fine-tuning is known to improve NLP models by adapting an initial model trained on more plentiful but less domain-salient examples to data in a target domain. Such domain adaptation is typically done using one stage of fine-tuning. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Haoran Xu , Seth Ebner , Mahsa Yarmohammadi , Aaron Steven White , Benjamin Van Durme , Kenton Murray

Topic segmentation using generative Large Language Models (LLMs) remains relatively unexplored. Previous methods use semantic similarity between sentences, but such models lack the long range dependencies and vast knowledge found in LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Pierre Mackenzie , Maya Shah , Patrick Frenett

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the pre-trained fine-tuning paradigm have become pivotal in solving natural language processing tasks, consistently achieving state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jing Luo , Huiyuan Wang , Weiran Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated exceptional generalization capabilities for downstream tasks. Due to its efficiency, prompt learning has gradually become a more effective and efficient method for transferring VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chenhao Ding , Xinyuan Gao , Songlin Dong , Jizhou Han , Qiang Wang , Zhengdong Zhou , Yuhang He , Yihong Gong

Pre-trained language models (LMs) perform well in In-Topic setups, where training and testing data come from the same topics. However, they face challenges in Cross-Topic scenarios where testing data is derived from distinct topics -- such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Andreas Waldis , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych