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To any inhibition-dominated threshold-linear network (TLN) we can associate a directed graph that captures the pattern of strong and weak inhibition between neurons. Robust motifs are graphs for which the structure of fixed points in the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-18 Carina Curto , Christopher Langdon , Katherine Morrison

We construct a compact closed category out of any symmetric monoidal category by freely adding adjoints to its objects. The morphisms of the completion are defined as string diagrams annotated by objects and morphisms from the original…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-24 Antonin Delpeuch

Symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs) are a common framework for reasoning about computation, focusing on the parallel and sequential compositionality of operations. String diagrams are a ubiquitous and powerful tool for reasoning about…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Benjamin Caldwell , William Spencer , Aleks Kissinger , Robert Rand

DisCoPy is a Python toolkit for computing with monoidal categories. It comes with two flexible data structures for string diagrams: the first one for planar monoidal categories based on lists of layers, the second one for symmetric monoidal…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-20 Alexis Toumi , Richie Yeung , Boldizsár Poór , Giovanni de Felice

Control theory uses "signal-flow diagrams" to describe processes where real-valued functions of time are added, multiplied by scalars, differentiated and integrated, duplicated and deleted. These diagrams can be seen as string diagrams for…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-22 John C. Baez , Jason Erbele

Milner's bigraphs are a general framework for reasoning about distributed and concurrent programming languages. Notably, it has been designed to encompass both the pi-calculus and the Ambient calculus. This paper is only concerned with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-06-08 Tom Hirschowitz , Aurélien Pardon

We introduce a taxonomy of interaction types and show that graphs are focal hypergraphs: every graph is canonically a focal hypergraph via its closed neighbourhood structure, and every graph dynamical model is a special case of the general…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-05 Elkaïoum M. Moutuou

A symmetric monoidal category is a category equipped with an associative and commutative (binary) product and an object which is the unit for the product. In fact, those properties only hold up to natural isomorphisms which satisfy some…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Matteo Acclavio

We generalize the problem of reconstructing strings from their substring compositions first introduced by Acharya et al. in 2015 motivated by polymer-based advanced data storage systems utilizing mass spectrometry. Namely, we see strings as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Antoine Dailly , Tuomo Lehtilä

Diagrammatic reasoning using string diagrams provides an intuitive language for reasoning about morphisms in a symmetric monoidal category. To allow working with infinite families of string diagrams, !-graphs were introduced as a method to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-11-06 David Quick

This paper investigates the use of symmetric monoidal closed (SMC) structure for representing syntax with variable binding, in particular for languages with linear aspects. In our setting, one first specifies an SMC theory T, which may…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-05-27 Richard Garner , Tom Hirschowitz , Aurélien Pardon

Chordal graphs are important in algorithmic graph theory. Chordal digraphs are a digraph analogue of chordal graphs and have been a subject of active studies recently. Unlike chordal graphs, chordal digraphs lack many structural properties…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Jing Huang , Ying Ying Ye

At the intersection of computation and cognitive science, graph theory is utilized as a formalized description of complex relationships and structures. Traditional graph models are often static, lacking dynamic and autonomous behavioral…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-11 Hui Wei , Chenyue Feng , Jianning Zhang

Usually a name of the category is inherited from the name of objects. However more relevant for a category of objects and morphisms is an algebra of morphisms. Therefore we prefer to say a category of graphs if every morphism is a graph. In…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Maria Ernestina Chavez Rodriguez , Zbigniew Oziewicz

We give parallel algorithms for string diagrams represented as structured cospans of ACSets. Specifically, we give linear (sequential) and logarithmic (parallel) time algorithms for composition, tensor product, construction of diagrams from…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

The increasing prevalence of graph-structured data across various domains has intensified greater interest in graph classification tasks. While numerous sophisticated graph learning methods have emerged, their complexity often hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Saiful Islam , Md. Nahid Hasan , Pitambar Khanra

The content of this paper can be roughly organized into a three-level hierarchy of generality. At the first, most general level, we introduce a new language which allows us to express various categorical structures in a systematic and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Andreas Bauer , Alexander Nietner

A straight-line drawing of a graph is a monotone drawing if for each pair of vertices there is a path which is monotonically increasing in some direction, and it is called a strongly monotone drawing if the direction of monotonicity is…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Stefan Felsner , Alexander Igamberdiev , Philipp Kindermann , Boris Klemz , Tamara Mchedlidze , Manfred Scheucher

Coherence theorems for covariant structures carried by a category have traditionally relied on the underlying term rewriting system of the structure being terminating and confluent. While this holds in a variety of cases, it is not a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-31 Jonathan A. Cohen

One goal of applied category theory is to better understand networks appearing throughout science and engineering. Here we introduce "structured cospans" as a way to study networks with inputs and outputs. Given a functor $L \colon…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-11 John C. Baez , Kenny Courser