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The Mpemba effect originally referred to the observation that, under certain thermalizing dynamics, initially hotter samples can cool faster than colder ones. This effect has since been generalized to other anomalous relaxation behaviors…

The Mpemba effect, an example of anomalous thermal relaxations, occurs when a system prepared at a hot temperature overtakes an identical system prepared at a warm temperature and cools down faster to the environment's temperature. We study…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-10 Saikat Bera , Matthew R. Walker , Marija Vucelja

In the 1960s, Tanzanian student Erasto Mpemba and his teacher published an article with the title "Cool" in the journal Physics Education (Mpemba, E. B. - Osborne, D. G.: Cool?. In: Physics Education, vol.4, 1969, pp. 172-175.). In this…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-06-05 Marek Balazovic , Boris Tomasik

By scaling isothermal magnetization data measured at different temperatures in the mixed state of high-Tc superconductors, we show that in some cases the sample magnetization, measured in increasing magnetic field below the irreversibility…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-11-07 I. L. Landau , H. R. Ott

Anomalous thermal relaxation is ubiquitous in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. An emblematic example of this is the Mpemba effect, where an initially ``hot'' system cools faster than an initially ``cooler'' one. This effect has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Ivan Medina , Oisín Culhane , Felix C. Binder , Gabriel T. Landi , John Goold

It was recently shown that entanglement in quantum systems being in a non-equilibrium state can appear at much higher temperatures than in an equilibrium state. However, any system is subject to the natural relaxation process establishing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Gregory B. Furman , Victor M. Meerovich , Vladimir L. Sokolovsky

We investigate temperature quenches across the reentrant phase transition of the antiferromagnetic Ising model in a magnetic field and show that the strong direct and inverse Mpemba effects arise when quenches terminate in the paramagnetic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-01 Kristian Blom , Doron Benyamin , Uwe Thiele , Oren Raz , Aljaz Godec

We consider the thermal relaxation of a particle in a piecewise-constant potential landscape subject to thermal fluctuations in the overdamped limit. We study the connection between the occurrence of the Mpemba effect, the presence of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-12-08 Matthew Walker , Marija Vucelja

Symmetry plays a fundamental role in many-body systems, both in and out of equilibrium. The quantum Mpemba effect (QME) - a phenomenon where systems initially farther from equilibrium can thermalize faster - can be understood in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Andrew Hallam , Matthew Yusuf , Aashish A. Clerk , Ivar Martin , Zlatko Papić

We present the results of a scaling analysis of isothermal magnetization M(H) curves measured in the mixed state of high-Tc superconductors in the vicinity of the established first order phase transition. The most surprising result of our…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-11-10 I. L. Landau , H. R. Ott

The Mpemba effect, where a state prepared farther from equilibrium relaxes faster to equilibrium than one prepared closer, has a quantum counterpart where relaxation is resolved by conserved charge. However, the fate of the quantum Mpemba…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Han-Ze Li , Ching Hua Lee , Shuo Liu , Shi-Xin Zhang , Jian-Xin Zhong

This work explores the emergence of Mpemba-like effects within the quantum theory of lasers. By examining the temporal dynamics of photon number statistics in a single-mode laser above threshold, we reveal the curious and counterintuitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Stefano Longhi

We study phase ordering dynamics in the three-dimensional nonconserved XY model, via Monte Carlo simulations, for quenches from paramagnetic phase to certain final temperatures $T_f$ within the ferromagnetic region of the phase diagram. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-14 Wasim Akram , Nalina Vadakkayil , Sohini Chatterjee , Subir K. Das

Despite decades of research, the Mpemba Effect challenges scientists, prompting further investigation and refinement of existing hypotheses. This work uses optical tools such as thermography to analyze and study the Mpemba effect on drops.…

In this work we suggest a simple theoretical solution of the Mpemba effect in full agreement with known experimental data. This solution follows simply as an especial approximation (linearization) of the usual heat (transfer) equation,…

General Physics · Physics 2012-12-12 Vladan Pankovic , Darko V. Kapor

Control of cooling and heating processes is essential in many industrial and biological processes. In fact, the time evolution of an observable quantity may differ according to the previous history of the system. For example, a system that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-04-12 Antonio Lasanta , Francisco Vega Reyes , Antonio Prados , Andrés Santos

We study the local relaxation of closed quantum systems through the relative entropy between the reduced density matrix and its long time limit. We show, using analytic arguments combined with numerical checks, that this relative entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-29 Filiberto Ares , Colin Rylands , Pasquale Calabrese

Mpemba effects occur after a sudden quench of control parameters if for ''far'' (or ''hot'') initial states with respect to a final target state, the relaxation time toward the target state is shorter than for ''close'' (or ''cold'')…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Andrea Nava , Reinhold Egger

Quantum Mpemba effect occurs when a quantum system, residing far away from the steady state, relaxes faster than a relatively nearer state. We look for the presence of this highly counterintuitive effect in the relaxation dynamics of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-29 Pitambar Bagui , Arijit Chatterjee , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

A hot Markovian system can cool down faster than a colder one: this is known as the Mpemba effect. Here, we show that a non-equilibrium driving via stochastic reset can induce this phenomenon, when absent. Moreover, we derive an optimal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-08 Daniel Maria Busiello , Deepak Gupta , Amos Maritan
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