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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov detector that is deployed deep in the Antarctic ice at the South Pole. A square kilometer companion surface detector, IceTop, located directly above in the in-ice array,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-10 Donghwa Kang

The IceCube experiment at South Pole consists of two detector components - the IceTop air shower array on the surface and the neutrino telescope at depths from 1450 m to 2450 m below. Currently, 26 IceTop stations and 22 InIce strings are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Tilo Waldenmaier

With the implementation of a low-energy trigger, the surface array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is able to record cosmic-ray induced air showers with a primary energy of a few hundred TeV. This extension of the energy range closes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-11 Julian Saffer

We highlight the capacity of current and forthcoming air shower arrays using water-Cherenkov stations to detect neutrino events spanning energies from $10\,$GeV to $100\,$TeV. This detection approach leverages individual stations equipped…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 J. Alvarez-Muñiz , R. Conceição , P. J. Costa , B. S. González , M. Pimenta , B. Tomé

The surface array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, IceTop, measures cosmic rays in the PeV-EeV primary energy range. Stations comprising radio antennas and scintillation detectors will be added to enhance the existing surface detectors.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-17 Megha Venugopal

Cosmic rays and related measurements: IceTop overview; IceTop calibration; Cosmic ray composition; Air shower measurements; Studies of cosmic ray muons; Studies of PeV gamma rays; Cosmic ray anisotropy; Forbush decrease; Submitted papers to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-08-27 The IceCube Collaboration

IceTop, the surface array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, consists of 162 ice-Cherenkov tanks distributed over an area of 1km$^2$. Besides being used as a veto for the in-ice neutrino detector, IceTop is a powerful cosmic-ray detector.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-20 Hrvoje Dujmovic , Alan Coleman , Marie Oehler

Muons produced in atmospheric cosmic ray showers account for the by far dominant part of the event yield in large-volume underground particle detectors. The IceCube detector, with an instrumented volume of about a cubic kilometer, has the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-17 IceCube Collaboration , M. G. Aartsen , K. Abraham , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , M. Ahrens , D. Altmann , T. Anderson , M. Archinger , C. Arguelles , T. C. Arlen , J. Auffenberg , X. Bai , S. W. Barwick , V. Baum , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , J. Becker Tjus , K. -H. Becker , E. Beiser , S. BenZvi , P. Berghaus , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , A. Bernhard , D. Z. Besson , G. Binder , D. Bindig , M. Bissok , E. Blaufuss , J. Blumenthal , D. J. Boersma , C. Bohm , M. Börner , F. Bos , D. Bose , S. Böser , O. Botner , J. Braun , L. Brayeur , H. -P. Bretz , N. Buzinsky , J. Casey , M. Casier , E. Cheung , D. Chirkin , A. Christov , B. Christy , K. Clark , L. Classen , S. Coenders , D. F. Cowen , A. H. Cruz Silva , J. Daughhetee , J. C. Davis , M. Day , J. P. A. M. de André , C. De Clercq , E. del Pino Rosendo , H. Dembinski , S. De Ridder , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , G. de Wasseige , M. de With , T. DeYoung , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , V. di Lorenzo , J. P. Dumm , M. Dunkman , R. Eagan , B. Eberhardt , T. Ehrhardt , B. Eichmann , S. Euler , P. A. Evenson , O. Fadiran , S. Fahey , A. R. Fazely , A. Fedynitch , J. Feintzeig , J. Felde , K. Filimonov , C. Finley , T. Fischer-Wasels , S. Flis , C. -C. Fösig , T. Fuchs , M. Glagla , T. K. Gaisser , R. Gaior , J. Gallagher , L. Gerhardt , K. Ghorbani , D. Gier , L. Gladstone , T. Glüsenkamp , A. Goldschmidt , G. Golup , J. G. Gonzalez , D. Góra , D. Grant , P. Gretskov , J. C. Groh , A. Groß , C. Ha , C. Haack , A. Haj Ismail , A. Hallgren , F. Halzen , B. Hansmann , K. Hanson , D. Hebecker , D. Heereman , K. Helbing , R. Hellauer , D. Hellwig , S. Hickford , J. Hignight , G. C. Hill , K. D. Hoffman , R. Hoffmann , K. Holzapfe , A. Homeier , K. Hoshina , F. Huang , M. Huber , W. Huelsnitz , P. O. Hulth , K. Hultqvist , S. In , A. Ishihara , E. Jacobi , G. S. Japaridze , K. Jero , M. Jurkovic , B. Kaminsky , A. Kappes , T. Karg , A. Karle , M. Kauer , A. Keivani , J. L. Kelley , J. Kemp , A. Kheirandish , J. Kiryluk , J. Kläs , S. R. Klein , G. Kohnen , R. Koirala , H. Kolanoski , R. Konietz , A. Koob , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , S. Kopper , D. J. Koskinen , M. Kowalski , K. Krings , G. Kroll , M. Kroll , J. Kunnen , N. Kurahashi , T. Kuwabara , M. Labare , J. L. Lanfranchi , M. J. Larson , M. Lesiak-Bzdak , M. Leuermann , J. Leuner , J. Lünemann , J. Madsen , G. Maggi , K. B. M. Mahn , R. Maruyama , K. Mase , H. S. Matis , R. Maunu , F. McNally , K. Meagher , M. Medici , A. Meli , T. Menne , G. Merino , T. Meures , S. Miarecki , E. Middell , E. Middlemas , J. Miller , L. Mohrmann , T. Montaruli , R. Morse , R. Nahnhauer , U. Naumann , H. Niederhausen , S. C. Nowicki , D. R. Nygren , A. Obertacke , A. Olivas , A. Omairat , A. O'Murchadha , T. Palczewski , H. Pandya , L. Paul , J. A. Pepper , C. Pérez de los Heros , C. Pfendner , D. Pieloth , E. Pinat , J. Posselt , P. B. Price , G. T. Przybylski , J. Pütz , M. Quinnan , L. Rädel , M. Rameez , K. Rawlins , P. Redl , R. Reimann , M. Relich , E. Resconi , W. Rhode , M. Richman , S. Richter , B. Riedel , S. Robertson , M. Rongen , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , D. Ryckbosch , S. M. Saba , L. Sabbatini , H. -G. Sander , A. Sandrock , J. Sandroos , S. Sarkar , K. Schatto , F. Scheriau , M. Schimp , T. Schmidt , M. Schmitz , S. Schoenen , S. Schöneberg , A. Schönwald , A. Schukraft , L. Schulte , D. Seckel , S. Seunarine , R. Shanidze , M. W. E. Smith , D. Soldin , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , M. Stahlberg , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , N. A. Stanisha , A. Stasik , T. Stezelberger , R. G. Stokstad , A. Stößl , E. A. Strahler , R. Ström , N. L. Strotjohann , G. W. Sullivan , M. Sutherland , H. Taavola , I. Taboada , S. Ter-Antonyan , A. Terliuk , G. Tešić , S. Tilav , P. A. Toale , M. N. Tobin , D. Tosi , M. Tselengidou , A. Turcati , E. Unger , M. Usner , S. Vallecorsa , N. van Eijndhoven , J. Vandenbroucke , J. van Santen , S. Vanheule , J. Veenkamp , M. Vehring , M. Voge , M. Vraeghe , C. Walck , M. Wallraff , N. Wandkowsky , Ch. Weaver , C. Wendt , S. Westerhoff , B. J. Whelan , N. Whitehorn , C. Wichary , K. Wiebe , C. H. Wiebusch , L. Wille , D. R. Williams , H. Wissing , M. Wolf , T. R. Wood , K. Woschnagg , D. L. Xu , X. W. Xu , Y. Xu , J. P. Yanez , G. Yodh , S. Yoshida , P. Zarzhitsky , M. Zoll

IceTop is an air shower array that is part of the IceCube Observatory currently under construction at the geographic South Pole. When completed, it will consist of 80 stations covering an area of 1 km2. Previous analyzes done with IceTop…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-12-07 Bakhtiyar Ruzybayev , Shahid Hussain , Chen Xu , Thomas Gaisser

IceTop is the surface instrumentation of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. It is designed to measure extensive air showers of cosmic rays in the primary energy range from PeV to EeV. Air showers induced by heavier primary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-07 Donghwa Kang , Sally-Ann Browne , Andreas Haungs

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory provides the opportunity to perform unique measurements of cosmic-ray air showers with its combination of a surface array and a deep detector. Electromagnetic particles and low-energy muons ($\sim$GeV) are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Stef Verpoest , Dennis Soldin , Sam De Ridder

Radio detection of air showers in the current era has progressed immensely to effectively extract the properties of these air showers. Primary cosmic rays with energies of hundreds of PeV have been successfully measured with the method of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-23 Aswathi Balagopal V. , Andreas Haungs , Thomas Huber , Tim Huege , Matthias Kleifges , Max Renschler , Harald Schieler , Frank G. Schröder , Andreas Weindl

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a multi-component detector at the South Pole which detects high-energy particles emerging from astrophysical events. These particles provide us with insights into the fundamental properties and behaviour…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-21 Paras Koundal , Matthias Plum , Julian Saffer

The Surface Array Enhancement of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is set to equip the existing surface cosmic-ray array of ice-Cherenkov detectors, IceTop, with radio antennas and scintillation detectors. This can lower the energy threshold…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-03 Megha Venugopal

The next generation of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, IceCube-Gen2, will constitute a much larger detector, increasing the rate of high-energy neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will address the long-standing questions about astrophysical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-11 Alan Coleman , Agnieszka Leszczyńska , Mark Weyrauch

IceTop, the surface array of IceCube, measures air showers from cosmic rays within the energy range of 1 PeV to a few EeV and a zenith angle range of up to $\approx$ 36$^\circ$. This detector array can also measure air showers arriving at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-26 Aswathi Balagopal V.

IceCube-Gen2 is a proposed neutrino observatory at the South Pole that will build on the success of IceCube and will also serve as a unique detector for cosmic-ray air showers. Analogous to the IceTop surface array over IceCube's deep…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-09 Frank G. Schröder

IceCube is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov detector installed in deep ice at the geographic South Pole. IceCube's surface array, IceTop, measures the electromagnetic signal and mainly low-energy muons from extensive air showers above several…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-23 Andreas Haungs

IceTop is the cosmic-ray detector located on the surface of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, consisting of 81 pairs of ice-Cherenkov tanks. The rise in the energy threshold of air-shower measurements in IceTop due to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-03 Megha Venugopal

The IceCube Observatory comprises a cubic-kilometer particle detector deep in the Antarctic ice and the cosmic-ray air-shower array IceTop at the surface above. Previous analyses of the cosmic-ray composition have used coincident events…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-10 Julian Saffer