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In a transiting planetary system, the presence of a second planet will cause the time interval between transits to vary. These transit timing variations (TTV) are particularly large near mean-motion resonances and can be used to infer the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen , Eric Agol

The transit timing variation (TTV) method allows the detection of non-transiting planets through their gravitational perturbations. Since TTVs are strongly enhanced in systems close to mean-motion resonances (MMR), even a low mass planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Gwenaël Boué , Mahmoudreza Oshagh , Marco Montalto , Nuno C. Santos

Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) are a powerful tool for detecting unseen companions in systems with known transiting exoplanets and for characterizing their masses and orbital properties. Large-scale and homogeneous TTV analyses are a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 Luca Naponiello

I present an initial investigation into a new planet detection technique that uses the transit timing of a known, transiting planet. The transits of a solitary planet orbiting a star occur at equally spaced intervals in time. If a second…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen

In the coming decades, research in extrasolar planets aims to advance two goals: 1) detecting and characterizing low-mass planets increasingly similar to the Earth, and 2) improving our understanding of planet formation. We present a new…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen , B. Scott Gaudi , Eric B. Ford , Eric Agol , Mathew J. Holman

The Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) technique provides a powerful tool to detect additional planets in transiting exoplanetary systems. In this paper we show how transiting planets with significant TTVs can be systematically missed, or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Enrique Garcia-Melendo , Mercedes Lopez-Morales

The Transit Timing Variation (TTV) method relies on monitoring changes in timing of transits of known exoplanets. Non-transiting planets in the system can be inferred from TTVs by their gravitational interaction with the transiting planet.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 David Nesvorny , Cristian Beauge

Transiting exoplanets in multi-planet systems have non-Keplerian orbits which can cause the times and durations of transits to vary. The theory and observations of transit timing variations (TTV) and transit duration variations (TDV) are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-01 Eric Agol , Daniel Fabrycky

Transit timing variations (TTVs) are a powerful tool for characterizing the properties of transiting exoplanets. However, inferring planet properties from the observed timing variations is a challenging task, which is usually addressed by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-26 Itai Linial , Shmuel Gilbaum , Re'em Sari

The Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) are deviations of the measured mid-transit times from the exact periodicity. One of the most interesting causes of TTVs is the gravitational interaction between planets. Here we consider a case of two…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 D. Nesvorny , D. Vokrouhlicky

The transit timing variation technique (TTV) has been widely used to detect and characterize multiple planetary systems. Due to the observational biases imposed mainly by the photometric conditions and instrumentation and the high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-14 C. von Essen , S. Cellone , M. Mallonn , B. Tingley , M. Marcussen

Transit timing variations (TTVs) of exoplanets are normally interpreted as the consequence of gravitational interaction with additional bodies in the system. However, TTVs can also be caused by deformations of the system transits by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-23 P. Ioannidis , K. F. Huber , J. H. M. M. Schmitt

Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) can provide useful information on compact multi-planetary systems observed by transits, by putting constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets. This is especially helpful when the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-24 A. Leleu , J. -B. Delisle , S. Udry , R. Mardling , M. Turbet , J. A. Egger , Y. Alibert , G. Chatel , P. Eggenberger , M. Stalport

We present new ways to identify single and multiple moons around extrasolar planets using planetary transit timing variations (TTVs) and transit duration variations (TDVs). For planets with one moon, measurements from successive transits…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-06 René Heller , Michael Hippke , Ben Placek , Daniel Angerhausen , Eric Agol

Transit timing variations (TTVs) are observed for exoplanets at a range of amplitudes and periods, yielding an ostensibly degenerate forest of possible explanations. We offer some clarity in this forest, showing that systems with a distant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Daniel A. Yahalomi , David Kipping , Eric Agol , David Nesvorny

Transit timing variations provide a powerful tool for confirming and characterizing transiting planets, as well as detecting non-transiting planets. We report the results an updated TTV analysis for 1481 planet candidates (Borucki et al.…

The architectures of multiple planet systems can provide valuable constraints on models of planet formation, including orbital migration, and excitation of orbital eccentricities and inclinations. NASA's Kepler mission has identified 1235…

The discovery of young (<800 Myr) transiting planets has provided a new avenue to explore how planets form and evolve over their lifetimes. Mass measurements for these planets would be invaluable, but radial velocity surveys of young…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ana Isabel Lopez Murillo , Andrew W. Mann , Madyson G. Barber , Andrew Vanderburg , Pa Chia Thao , Andrew W. Boyle

We consider the potential for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to detect transit timing variations (TTVs) during both its nominal and extended mission phases. Building on previous estimates of the overall yield of planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-02 Sam Hadden , Thomas Barclay , Matthew J. Payne , Matthew J. Holman
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