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$ \newcommand{\Xlin}{\mathcal{X}} \newcommand{\Zlin}{\mathcal{Z}} \newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}} $We give a quantum multiprover interactive proof system for the local Hamiltonian problem in which there is a constant number of provers,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-08 Anand Natarajan , Thomas Vidick

A proof of quantumness (PoQ) allows a classical verifier to efficiently test if a quantum machine is performing a computation that is infeasible for any classical machine. In this work, we propose a new approach for constructing PoQ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Giulio Malavolta , Tamer Mour

Quantum entanglement is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics and plays a crucial role in quantum computation and information. We study entanglement via the lens of computational complexity by considering quantum generalizations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 Fernando Granha Jeronimo , Pei Wu

We study quantum algorithms that are given access to trusted and untrusted quantum witnesses. We establish strong limitations of such algorithms, via new techniques based on Laurent polynomials (i.e., polynomials with positive and negative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Scott Aaronson , Robin Kothari , William Kretschmer , Justin Thaler

The rapid advancement of quantum hardware calls for the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests often fall short: they either rely on flawless state preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

We show several results related to interactive proof modes of communication complexity. First we show lower bounds for the QMA-communication complexity of the functions Inner Product and Disjointness. We describe a general method to prove…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-01-04 Hartmut Klauck

Stoquasticity, originating in sign-problem-free physical systems, gives rise to $\sf StoqMA$, introduced by Bravyi, Bessen, and Terhal (2006), a quantum-inspired intermediate class between $\sf MA$ and $\sf AM$. Unentanglement similarly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Yupan Liu , Pei Wu

This paper proves that classical-witness quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems can achieve perfect completeness. That is, QCMA = QCMA1. This holds under any gate set with which the Hadamard and arbitrary classical reversible transformations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-29 Stephen P. Jordan , Hirotada Kobayashi , Daniel Nagaj , Harumichi Nishimura

A test of quantumness is a protocol that allows a classical verifier to certify (only) that a prover is not classical. We show that tests of quantumness that follow a certain template, which captures recent proposals such as (Kalai et al.,…

Complexity theory typically focuses on the difficulty of solving computational problems using classical inputs and outputs, even with a quantum computer. In the quantum world, it is natural to apply a different notion of complexity, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 Hugo Delavenne , François Le Gall , Yupan Liu , Masayuki Miyamoto

The ubiquitous presence of shot noise sets a fundamental limit to the measurement precision in classical metrology. Recent advances in quantum devices and novel quantum algorithms utilizing interference effects are opening new routes for…

We introduce measurement-based quantum repeaters, where small-scale measurement-based quantum processors are used to perform entanglement purification and entanglement swapping in a long-range quantum communication protocol. In the scheme,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-03 M. Zwerger , W. Dür , H. J. Briegel

We propose a quantum authentication and digital signature protocol whose security is founded on the Quantum Merlin Arthur~(QMA)-completeness of the consistency of local density matrices. The protocol functions as a true public-key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Le-Ran Liu , Min-Quan He , Dan-Bo Zhang , Z. D. Wang

A line of work initiated by Fortnow in 1997 has proven model-independent time-space lower bounds for the $\mathsf{SAT}$ problem and related problems within the polynomial-time hierarchy. For example, for the $\mathsf{SAT}$ problem, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Abhijit S. Mudigonda , R. Ryan Williams

Let L be a language decided by a constant-round quantum Arthur-Merlin (QAM) protocol with negligible soundness error and all but possibly the last message being classical. We prove that if this protocol is zero knowledge with a black-box,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-19 Rahul Jain , Alexandra Kolla , Gatis Midrijanis , Ben W. Reichardt

We describe two procedures which, given access to one copy of a quantum state and a sequence of two-outcome measurements, can distinguish between the case that at least one of the measurements accepts the state with high probability, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-18 Aram W. Harrow , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin , Ashley Montanaro

Protocols for quantum measurement are an essential part of quantum computing. Measurements are no longer confined to the final step of computation but are increasingly embedded within quantum circuits as integral components of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Michal Krejčí , Lucie Krejčí , Ijaz Ahamed Mohammad , Martin Plesch , Martin Friák

Quantum correlations are critical to our understanding of nature, with far-reaching technological and fundamental impact. These often manifest as violations of Bell's inequalities, bounds derived from the assumptions of locality and…

We present a simple quantum interactive proof (QIP) protocol using the quantum state teleportation (QST) and quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols. QET is a technique that allows a receiver at a distance to extract the local energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Kazuki Ikeda , Adam Lowe

We show that the class QMA does not change even if we restrict Arthur's computing ability to only Clifford gate operations (plus classical XOR gate). The idea is to use the fact that the preparation of certain single-qubit states, so called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-25 Tomoyuki Morimae , Masahito Hayashi , Harumichi Nishimura , Keisuke Fujii