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The presence of large ionised gaseous nebulae found around some ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) provides the means to assess the mechanical and radiative feedback of the central source, and hence constrain the efficiency and impact on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 Andrés Gúrpide , Maxime Parra , Olivier Godet , Thierry Contini , Jean-François Olive

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a population of extragalactic objects whose luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit for a 10 Msun black hole (BH). Their properties have been widely interpreted in terms of accreting stellar-mass or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-22 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , L. Stella , A. Wolter , S. Mereghetti , G. L. Israel

We review observations of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). X-ray spectroscopic and timing studies of ULXs suggest a new accretion state distinct from those seen in Galactic stellar-mass black hole binaries. The detection of coherent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-30 Philip Kaaret , Hua Feng , Timothy P. Roberts

With the discovery of pulsations in some of the ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs), it is quite clear that most of the ULXs harbor either a neutron star or a stellar mass black hole as a compact object accreting at super-Eddington rates.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-12 Manish Kumar , Rahul Sharma , Biswajit Paul

While much has been learned in recent decades about the X-ray emission of the extragalactic Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), their radiative output in the UV band remains poorly constrained. Understanding of the full ULX spectral energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-24 Andrés Gúrpide , Noel Castro Segura , Roberto Soria , Matthew Middleton

Aims. We report our finding of a high excitation emission line nebula associated with an Ultra Luminous X-ray source (ULX) at $z=$ 0.027, which we found in our Chandra observation of the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Deep Field. Methods.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-30 J. Díaz Tello , T. Miyaji , T. Ishigaki , M. Krumpe , Y. Ueda , H. Brunner , T. Goto , H. Hanami , Y. Toba

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to include different physical types of objects. We discuss some possible subclasses, reviewing the properties of a sample of ULXs recently observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton. Sources with an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roberto Soria , Mark Cropper , Christian Motch

We have constructed a model to describe the optical emission from ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs). We assume a binary model with a black hole accreting matter from a Roche lobe filling companion star. We consider the effects of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Christopher Copperwheat , Mark Cropper , Roberto Soria , Kinwah Wu

Super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass compact objects powers fast outflows in ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs). Such outflows, which can reach mildly relativistic velocities, are often observed forming bubble structures. Wind…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-10 Enrico Peretti , Maria Petropoulou , Georgios Vasilopoulos , Stefano Gabici

The bubble nebula surrounding NGC 1313 X-2 is believed to be powered by high velocity winds from the central ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) as a result of supercritical accretion. With the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-24 Changxing Zhou , Fuyan Bian , Hua Feng , Jiahui Huang

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are the most extreme members of the X-ray binary population, exhibiting X-ray luminosities that can surpass the 10^39 erg/s threshold (by orders of magnitude). They are mainly seen in external galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-02 Ciro Pinto , Dominic J. Walton

The nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is not yet fully understood but it can be done in the most efficient way by analyzing its optical emission and environment. We present preliminary results of photometric and spectral studies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-03 A. Vinokurov , K. Atapin , Y. Solovyeva , A. Sarkisyan , D. Oparin

The atomic features in the X-ray spectra of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) may be associated with the outflow (Middleton et al. 2015), which may provide a way to explore the physics of the ULXs. We construct a conical outflow model,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-17 Ya-Di Xu , Xinwu Cao

Motivated by the recent discoveries that six Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) are powered by highly super-Eddington X-ray pulsars, we searched for additional pulsating ULX (PULX) candidates by identifying sources that exhibit long-term…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 X. Song , D. J. Walton , G. B. Lansbury , P. A. Evans , A. C. Fabian , H. Earnshaw , T. P. Roberts

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extragalactic X-ray emitters located off-center of their host galaxy and with a luminosity in excess of a few ${10^{39}\text{ erg s}^{-1}}$, if emitted isotropically. The discovery of periodic…

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extreme X-ray binaries shining above 10^39 erg/s, in most cases as a consequence of super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes accreting above their Eddington limit. This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 Ciro Pinto , Peter Kosec

It has recently been discovered that a fraction of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) exhibit X-ray pulsations, and are therefore powered by super-Eddington accretion onto magnetized neutron stars (NSs). For typical ULX mass accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-17 Alexander A. Mushtukov , Adam Ingram , Matthew Middleton , Dmitrij I. Nagirner , Michiel van der Klis

The nature of the ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) is still to be understood. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain the high X-ray luminosity: stellar mass black holes with emission collimated by relativistic effects or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Foschini , G. Malaguti , G. Di Cocco , M. Cappi , M. Dadina , L. C. Ho

In order to understand the nature of super-Eddington accretion we must explore both the emission emerging directly from the inflow and its impact on the surroundings. In this paper we test whether we can use the optical line emission of…

We present some results from an archival VLA study of ultraluminous X-ray source s (ULXs). These unresolved non-nuclear X-ray sources have luminosities (L_X >= 1 0^39 ergs/sec) which may require somewhat exotic explanations, such as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Neal A. Miller , Susan G. Neff , Richard F. Mushotzky