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Many sources contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB), including star forming galaxies, active galactic nuclei, and cosmic ray interactions in the Milky Way. Exotic sources, such as dark matter annihilation, may also make some…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Eric J. Baxter , J. G. Christy , Jason Kumar

We extend previous work modeling the Galactic magnetic field in the plane using synchrotron emission in total and polarised intensity. In this work, we include a more realistic treatment of the cosmic-ray electrons using the GALPROP…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-02-14 T. R. Jaffe , A. J. Banday , J. P. Leahy , S. Leach , A. W. Strong

The public GALPROP code gives a fully numerical solution for the spectrum of cosmic rays propagating through a linear Galactic wind directed outwards from the Galactic plane in the framework of a cylindrical diffusion model. Alternatively,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-30 Kwei-Chou Yang

Cosmic Ray nuclei in the energy range 100 MeV/nuc - 100 GeV/nuc provide crucial information about the physical properties of the Galaxy. They can also be used to answer questions related to astroparticle physics. This paper reviews the…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected at high redshift can be used to trace the cosmic expansion history. However, the calibration of their luminosity distances is not an easy task in comparison to Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa). To calibrate these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Celia Escamilla-Rivera , Maryi Carvajal , Cristian Zamora , Martin Hendry

Interstellar synchrotron emission depends on Galactic magnetic fields and on cosmic-ray leptons. Observations of radio emission are an important tool for studying cosmic-ray propagation models and interstellar electron spectrum and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-07-24 Elena Orlando , Andrew W. Strong

I present the first public releases (v3.4 and v3.5) of the USINE code for cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy (https://lpsc.in2p3.fr/usine). It contains several semi-analytical propagation models previously used in the literature…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-28 D. Maurin

For several decades now, Bayesian inference techniques have been applied to theories of particle physics, cosmology and astrophysics to obtain the probability density functions of their free parameters. In this study, we review and compare…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-03 Joshua Albert , Csaba Balazs , Andrew Fowlie , Will Handley , Nicholas Hunt-Smith , Roberto Ruiz de Austri , Martin White

Cosmic rays (CRs) are a pivotal non-thermal component of galaxy formation and evolution. However, the intricacies of CR physics, particularly how they propagate in the circumgalactic medium (CGM), remain largely unconstrained. In this work,…

We present a method to constrain galaxy parameters directly from three-dimensional data cubes. The algorithm compares directly the data with a parametric model mapped in $x,y,\lambda$ coordinates. It uses the spectral lines-spread function…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-01 N. Bouché , H. Carfantan , I. Schroetter , L. Michel-Dansac , T. Contini

Galactic cosmic rays are a ubiquitous source of ionisation of the interstellar gas, competing with UV and X-ray photons as well as natural radioactivity in determining the fractional abundance of electrons, ions and charged dust grains in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-27 Marco Padovani , Alexei V. Ivlev , Daniele Galli , Paola Caselli

Cosmic rays are nowadays a crucial tool to study the astrophysics of extreme objects in the Universe, the cosmic environmental plasma (both Galactic and extra-galactic), the physics of nuclear interactions or the properties of elementary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-16 Pedro de la Torre Luque

Shortfalls in cosmic ray (CR) propagation models obscure the CR sources and acceleration mechanisms. This problem became particularly obvious after the Fermi, Pamela, and AMS-02 have discovered the electron/positron and $p/$He spectral…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-09 Mikhail Malkov

We introduce a simulation-based inference framework to constrain the origins of individual ultra-high-energy cosmic rays by combining realistic three-dimensional propagation modeling with Bayesian parameter estimation. Our method integrates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-02 Nadine Bourriche , Francesca Capel

Cosmic shear estimation is an essential scientific goal for large galaxy surveys. It refers to the coherent distortion of distant galaxy images due to weak gravitational lensing along the line of sight. It can be used as a tracer of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Claire Theobald , Bastien Arcelin , Frédéric Pennerath , Brieuc Conan-Guez , Miguel Couceiro , Amedeo Napoli

The Van Allen radiation belts in the magnetosphere have been extensively studied using models based on radial diffusion theory, which is based on a quasi-linear approach with prescribed inner and outer boundary conditions. The 1-d diffusion…

We present an updated version of the {\it SimProp} Monte Carlo code to study the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays in astrophysical backgrounds computing the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes expected on earth. The study of secondary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-11 R. Aloisio , D. Boncioli , A. di Matteo , A. F. Grillo , S. Petrera , F. Salamida

Analyses of TeV-PeV cosmic ray (CR) diffusion around their sources usually assume either isotropic diffusion or anisotropic diffusion due to the regular Galactic magnetic field. We show that none of them are adequate on distances smaller…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-07-29 G. Giacinti , M. Kachelriess , D. V. Semikoz

Electromagnetic radiation plays a crucial role in various physical and chemical processes. Hence, almost all astrophysical simulations require some form of radiative transfer model. Despite many innovations in radiative transfer algorithms…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-07 Frederik De Ceuster , Thomas Ceulemans , Jon Cockayne , Leen Decin , Jeremy Yates

The standard approach to cosmic-ray (CR) propagation in the Galaxy is based on the assumption that local transport properties can be extrapolated to the whole CR confining volume. Such models tend to underestimate the gamma-ray flux above…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-06 Daniele Gaggero , Alfredo Urbano , Mauro Valli , Piero Ullio