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We examine energy conversion from accreting pair plasma to outgoing Poynting flux by black hole rotation. Our approach is based on a two-fluid model consisting of collisionless pair plasma. The electric potential is not constant along…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-04 Yasufumi Kojima

Supermassive black holes are found at the centers of most galaxies and their inspiral is a natural outcome when galaxies merge. The inspiral of these systems is of utmost astrophysical importance as prodigious producers of gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 Carlos Palenzuela , Luis Lehner , Steven L. Liebling

The extraction of rotational energy from a spinning black hole via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism has long been understood as an important component in models to explain energetic jets from compact astrophysical sources. Here we show more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 David Neilsen , Luis Lehner , Carlos Palenzuela , Eric W. Hirschmann , Steven L. Liebling , Patrick M. Motl , T. Garrett

In this lecture I give an introduction to the rotational energy extraction of black holes by the electromagnetic Blandford-Znajek process and the generation of relativistic jets. After some basic material on the electrodynamics of black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Norbert Straumann

Black hole (BH) mergers are natural sources of gravitational waves (GWs) and are possibly associated with electromagnetic events. Such events from a charged rotating BH with an accretion on to it could be more energetic and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-27 Shad Ali

In this paper, we provide exact solutions for the extraction of energy from a rotating black hole via both the electromagnetic Poynting flux and matter currents. By appropriate choice of a radially independent poloidal function…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Govind Menon , Charles D. Dermer

(Abridged) The motion of a Schwarzschild black hole with velocity $v_0 = \beta_0 c$ through a constant magnetic field $B_0$ in vacuum induces a component of the electric field along the magnetic field, generating a non-zero second Poincare…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-03-17 Maxim Lyutikov

For a binary composed of a spinning black hole (BH) (with mass $\gtrsim 7M_\odot$) and a strongly magnetized neutron star (NS) (with surface magnetic field strength $B_{\rm S,NS}\gtrsim10^{12}$\,G and mass $\sim 1.4M_\odot$), the NS as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-02 Shu-Qing Zhong , Zi-Gao Dai , Can-Min Deng

Binary black hole (BBH) mergers provide a prime source for current and future interferometric GW observatories. Massive BBH mergers may often take place in plasma-rich environments, leading to the exciting possibility of a concurrent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-18 Bernard J. Kelly , John G. Baker , Zachariah B. Etienne , Bruno Giacomazzo , Jeremy Schnittman

Recent work has called into question whether nature can extract the rotational energy of a black hole via electromagnetic fields by appealing to an alleged ability to absorb current. We describe the strategies needed to properly treat the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-16 David Garofalo , Chandra B. Singh

Spinning black holes create electromagnetic storms when immersed in ambient magnetic fields, illuminating the otherwise epically dark terrain. In an electromagnetic extension of the Penrose process, tremendous energy can be extracted,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-17 Kshitij Gupta , Y. T. Albert Law , Janna Levin

Because they are likely to accrete substantial amounts of interstellar gas, merging supermassive binary black holes are expected to be strong multimessenger sources, radiating gravitational waves, photons from thermal gas, and photons from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-04 Lorenzo Ennoggi , Manuela Campanelli , Julian Krolik , Scott C. Noble , Yosef Zlochower , Maria Chiara de Simone

The possibility of extracting energy from a rotating black hole via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism represents a cornerstone of relativistic astrophysics. We present general-relativistic collisionless kinetic simulations of Kerr black-hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-19 Claudio Meringolo , Filippo Camilloni , Luciano Rezzolla

The coalescence of supermassive black hole binaries occurs via the emission of gravitational waves, that can impart a substantial recoil to the merged black hole. We consider the energy dissipation, that results if the recoiling black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Elena M. Rossi , G. Lodato , P. J. Armitage , J. E. Pringle , A. R. King

Although recent work in numerical relativity has made tremendous strides in quantifying the gravitational wave luminosity of black hole mergers, very little is known about the electromagnetic luminosity that might occur in immediate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Julian H. Krolik

Black holes can accumulate a large amount of energy, responsible for highly energetic astrophysical phenomena Recently, fast magnetic reconnection (MR) of the magnetic field was proposed as a new way to extract energy and in this paper, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-21 Amodio Carleo , Gaetano Lambiase , Leonardo Mastrototaro

Neutrino-cooled accretion flow around a spinning black hole, produced by a compact binary merger is a promising scenario for jet formation and launching magnetically-driven outflows. Based on GW170817 gravitational wave detection by LIGO…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-06 Fatemeh Hossein Nouri , Agnieszka Janiuk , Małgorzata Przerwa

We investigate mechanisms of energy extraction from a rotating black hole in terms of negative energy-at-infinity. In addition to the Penrose process through particle fission, the Blandford-Znajek mechanism by magnetic tension, and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shinji Koide , Kenzo Arai

The presence of a strong, large-scale magnetic field in an accretion flow leads to extraction of the rotational energy of the black hole (BH) through the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process, believed to power relativistic jets in various…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-28 Prasun Dhang , Jason Dexter , Mitchell C. Begelman

Spinning black holes store rotational energy that can be extracted. When a black hole is immersed in an externally supplied magnetic field, reconnection of magnetic field lines within the ergosphere can generate negative energy (relative to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-14 Luca Comisso , Felipe A. Asenjo
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