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Let $\Gamma$ be a simple graph with $n$ vertices. The energy of $\Gamma$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}(\Gamma)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $\Gamma$. The graph $\Gamma$ is said to be hyperenergetic if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-16 Mahdi Ebrahimi

We study the extremal energy problem for complex unit gain graphs whose underlying graph is the dumbbell graph $D_{r,s,\ell}$. Using switching equivalence, we reduce the spectrum to the real parts of the two cycle gains and obtain an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Silin Huang , Kevin Pereyra

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices with $r := \lfloor n/2 \rfloor$ and let $\lambda_1 \geq...\geq \lambda_{n} $ be adjacency eigenvalues of $G$. Then the H\"uckel energy of $G$, HE($G$), is defined as $$\he(G) = {ll} 2\sum_{i=1}^{r}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-04 Ebrahim Ghorbani , Jack H. Koolen , Jae Young Yang

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph, and $G^\phi$ be a mixed graph of $G$ with the generalized orientation $\phi$ and Hermitian-adjacency matrix $H(G^\phi)$. Then $G$ is called the underlying graph of $G^\phi$. The Hermitian energy of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-14 Xiaolin Chen , Xueliang Li , Yingying Zhang

The energy and iota energy of signed digraphs are respectively defined as the sum of absolute values of real parts and sum of absolute values of imaginary parts of its eigenvalues. Recently, Yang and Wang (2018) find the energy and iota…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-09 Sumaira Hafeez , Rashid Farooq

In this paper we extend the concept of energy to signed digraphs. We obtain Coulson's integral formula for energy of signed digraphs. Formulae for energies of signed directed cycles are computed and it is shown that energy of non cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-25 S. Pirzada , Mushtaq A. Bhat

Let $G$ be a graph with the vertex set $ \lbrace v_1,\ldots,v_n \rbrace$. The Seidel matrix of $G$ is an $n\times n$ matrix whose diagonal entries are zero, $ij$-th entry is $-1$ if $ v_{i} $ and $ v_{j} $ are adjacent and otherwise is $ 1…

Let $G = K_{n_1,n_2,\cdots,n_t}$ be a complete $t$-partite graph on $n=\sum_{i=1}^t n_i$ vertices. The distance between vertices $i$ and $j$ in $G$, denoted by $d_{ij}$ is defined to be the length of the shortest path between $i$ and $j$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-02 Joyentanuj Das , Sumit Mohanty

The energy $E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $G$. An $n$-vertex graph is said to be hypoenergetic if $E(G)<n$ and strongly hypoenergetic if $E(G)<n-1$. In this paper, we consider…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-26 Xueliang Li , Hongping Ma

Graph energy and Domination in graphs are most studied areas of graph theory. In this paper we made an attempt to connect these two areas of graph theory by introducing c-dominating energy of a graph $G$. First, we show the chemical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-16 S. M. Hosamani , V. B. Awati , R. M. Honmore

Let $G_{S}$ be a graph with $n$ vertices obtained from a simple graph $G$ by attaching one self-loop at each vertex in $S \subseteq V(G)$. The energy of $G_{S}$ is defined by Gutman et al. as $E(G_{S})=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left| \lambda_{i}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Minghua Li , Yue Liu

In this paper, first we compute the energy of a special partitioned matrix under some cases. As a consequence, we obtain the reciprocal distance energy of the complete multipartite graph and also we give various other energies of complete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Rakshith B. R. , B. J. Manjunatha

Call the sum of the singular values of a matrix A the energy of A. We investigate graphs and matrices of energy close to the maximal one. We prove a conjecture of Koolen and Moulten and give a stability theorem characterizing all square…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Nikiforov

For a graph $G$, the generalized adjacency matrix $A_\alpha(G)$ is the convex combination of the diagonal matrix $D(G)$ and the adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and is defined as $A_\alpha(G)=\alpha D(G)+(1-\alpha) A(G)$ for $0\leq \alpha \leq 1$.…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Nijara Konch , A. Bharali , S. Pirzada

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph on $n$ vertices, and let $\lambda_1(G),\lambda_2(G),\ldots,\lambda_n(G)$ be the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $A(G)$. For $p>0$, define the $p$-energy of $G$ by $\mathcal E_p(G)=\sum_{i=1}^n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Yinchen Liu , Quanyu Tang

We give a Coulson integral formula and a Coulson-Jacobs formula for the $p$-Schatten energy. We use this formulas to compare the $p$-Schatten energy of different trees by using a quasiorder, and establish the maximality of paths among all…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Octavio Arizmendi , José Guerrero

The eccentricity matrix $\varepsilon(G)$ of a graph $G$ is obtained from the distance matrix by retaining the eccentricities (the largest distance) in each row and each column. In this paper, we give a characterization of the star graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-13 Iswar Mahato , R. Gurusamy , M. Rajesh Kannan , S. Arockiaraj

The matching energy of a graph was introduced by Gutman and Wagner, which is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the roots of the matching polynomial of the graph. For the random graph $G_{n,p}$ of order $n$ with fixed probability…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-31 Xiaolin Chen , Xueliang Li , Huishu Lian

The distance energy of a simple connected graph $G$ is defined as the sum of absolute values of its distance eigenvalues. In this paper, we mainly give a positive answer to a conjecture of distance energy of clique trees proposed by Lin,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Ya-Lei Jin , Rui Gu , Xiao-Dong Zhang

The energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of G, whereas the Laplacian energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of the absolute value of the difference between the eigenvalues of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Nilanjan De