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Magnetic field extrapolation from the solar photosphere to the corona plays an important role in solar physics research. In this work, we present a fully-implicit viscous-relaxation nonlinear force-free field (FIVR-NLFFF) extrapolation code…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-18 Zhenhua Liu , Chaowei Jiang

Direct comparison between stellar and solar magnetic maps are hampered by their dramatic differences in resolution. Here, we present a method to filter out the small-scale component of vector fields, in such a way that comparison between…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 A. A. Vidotto

Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation, which occur due to a rapid destabilization and reconnection of the magnetic field. While pre-flare signatures and trends have been investigated from magnetic observations prior…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kara L. Kniezewski , Emily I. Mason , Daniel J. Emmons , Kyle E. Fitch , Seth H. Garland

Estimates of velocities from time series of photospheric and/or chromospheric vector magnetograms can be used to determine fluxes of magnetic energy (the Poynting flux) and helicity across the magnetogram layer, and to provide…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-03 B. T. Welsch , G. H. Fisher

The observed solar photospheric magnetic fields and Doppler velocities are frequently used to quantify the Poynting flux and helicity flux. Multiple methods have been developed for this purpose, but their estimates of the Poynting flux and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-20 Jiayi Liu , Xudong Sun , Peter W. Schuck , Lars K. S. Daldorff

Expanding on an earlier work that relied on linear force-free magnetic fields, we self-consistently derive the instantaneous free magnetic energy and relative magnetic helicity budgets of an unknown three-dimensional nonlinear force-free…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 M. K. Georgoulis , K. Tziotziou , N. -E. Raouafi

In this work we provide an updated description of the Vertical Current Approximation Nonlinear Force-Free Field (VCA-NLFFF) code, which is designed to measure the evolution of the potential, nonpotential, free energies, and the dissipated…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-25 Markus J. Aschwanden

Solar filament are commonly thought to be supported in magnetic dips, in particular, of magnetic flux ropes (FRs). In this Letter, from the observed photospheric vector magnetogram, we implement a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Chaowei Jiang , S. T. Wu , Xueshang Feng , Qiang Hu

The magneto-frictional method is used in solar physics to compute both static and quasi-static models of the Sun's coronal magnetic field. Here, we examine how accurately magneto-friction (without fluid pressure) is able to predict the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-20 A. R. Yeates

We developed a {\sl coronal non-linear force-free field (COR-NLFFF)} forward-fitting code that fits an approximate {\sl non-linear force-free field (NLFFF)} solution to the observed geometry of automatically traced coronal loops. In…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Markus J. Aschwanden , Xudong Sun , Yang Liu

With the exponential growth in data volume, especially in recent decades, the demand for data processing has surged across all scientific fields. Within astronomical datasets, the combination of solar space missions and ground-based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-03 Mohsen Javaherian , Zahra Eskandari

The 3D magnetic topology of a solar active region (NOAA 10956) was reconstructed using a linear force-free field extrapolation constrained using the twin perspectives of \emph{STEREO}. A set of coronal field configurations was initially…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Paul A. Conlon , Peter T. Gallagher

We evaluate validity of NLFFF extrapolation performed with Optimization class (OPTI) codes. While explaining inevitable for OPTI partial non-solenoidality caused by the gas pressure notable role in pressure balance at photospheric heights…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-17 G. V. Rudenko , I. S. Dmitrienko

Photospheric electric fields, estimated from sequences of vector magnetic field and Doppler measurements, can be used to estimate the flux of magnetic energy (the Poynting flux) into the corona and as time-dependent boundary conditions for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Maria D. Kazachenko , George H. Fisher , Brian T. Welsch

In the present work, we investigate how the large-scale magnetic field of the Sun, in its three vector components, has evolved during most of cycle 24, from 2010 Jan to 2018 Apr. To filter out the small-scale field of the Sun, present in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 A. A. Vidotto , L. Lehmann , M. Jardine , A. Pevtsov

We develop a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation code based on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) relaxation method. We extend the classical MHD relaxation method in two important ways. First, we introduce an algorithm initially…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 S. Inoue , T. Magara , V. S. Pandey , D. Shiota. , K. Kusano , G. S. Choe , K. S. Kim

The nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) model is often used to describe the solar coronal magnetic field, however a series of earlier studies revealed difficulties in the numerical solution of the model in application to photospheric…

Extrapolation codes for modelling the magnetic field in the corona in cartesian geometry do not take the curvature of the Sun's surface into account and can only be applied to relatively small areas, \textit{e.g.}, a single active region.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-13 T. Tadesse , T. Wiegelmann , B. Inhester , A. Pevtsov

Magneto-convection simulations with two scenarios have been performed: In one, horizontal magnetic field is advected into the computational domain by fluid entering at the bottom. In the other, an initially uniform vertical magnetic field…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Robert F. Stein , David Bercik , Aake Nordlund

The chromosphere is a complex solar atmosphere that hosts a variety of transients and transports significant free energy to heat the corona. However, due to the limited sensitivity of polarization measurement and the influence of spectral…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Jiasheng Wang , Wenxian Li , Xianyong Bai , Yingzi Sun , Yuanyong Deng , Jiaben Lin
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