Related papers: Hadron Structure
The quark and gluon structure of the proton has been under intense experimental and theoretical investigation for five decades. Even for the distributions of the well-studied valence quarks, challenges such as the value of the down quark to…
The strong force which binds hadrons is described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Determining the character and manifestations of QCD is one of the most important and challenging outstanding issues necessary for a…
The last decade has seen a marked shift in how the internal structure of hadrons is understood. Modern experimental facilities, new theoretical techniques for the continuum bound-state problem and progress with lattice-regularised QCD have…
Tremendous progress has been made experimentally in the hadron spectrum containing heavy quarks in the last two decades. It is surprising that many resonant structures are around thresholds of a pair of heavy hadrons. There should be a…
The description of the internal structure of hadrons is one of the main goal of QCD. At moderate energy scales, the hadronic representation succeeds to the partonic description, rendering challenging the description of the dynamics of…
We review some selected recent results on hadron spectroscopy and related theoretical studies based on constituent quark models.
In this article we present a review of the structure of the proton and the current status of our knowledge of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). The lepton-nucleon scattering experiments which provide the main constraints in PDF…
A key question in understanding the structure of nucleons involves the role of sea quarks in their ground state electromagnetic properties such as charge and magnetism. Parity-violating electron scattering, when combined with determination…
Parton distribution and correlation functions describe the relation between a hadron and the quarks and gluons (or collectively, the partons) within it, and carry rich information on hadron's partonic structure that cannot be calculated by…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the generally accepted theory for the strong interactions, describes the interactions between quarks and gluons. The strongly interacting particles that are seen in nature are hadrons, which are composites of…
The structure of the hadron resonances attracts much attention, in association with the recent observations of various exotic hadrons which do not fit well in the conventional picture. These findings urge us to consider various new…
Since quarks are regarded as the most fundamental particles which constitute hadrons that we observe in the real world, there are many theories about how many of them are needed and what quantum numbers they carry. Another important…
Coherence phenomena, and the non-universality of parton structure of the effective Pomeron are explained. New hard phenomena directly calculable in QCD such as diffractive electroproduction of states with $M^2\ll Q^2$ as well as new options…
We review recent results on hadron form factors and nucleon generalized parton distibutions obtained with dynamical lattice QCD simulations. We discuss lattice artifacts and open questions, and present the connection of lattice results to…
Understanding hadron structure within the framework of QCD is an extremely challenging problem. In order to solve it, it is vital that our thinking should be guided by the best available insight. Our purpose here is to explain the model…
Starting from the approximate symmetries of QCD, namely chiral symmetry for light quarks and spin and flavor symmetry for heavy quarks, we investigate the low-energy properties of heavy hadrons. For this purpose we construct a consistent…
Rather than regarding the restriction of current lattice QCD simulations to quark masses that are 5--10 times larger than those observed, we note that this presents a wonderful opportunity to deepen our understanding of QCD. Just as it has…
Lattice QCD results on hadrons with heavy quarks are briefly reviewed. The focus is on the spectrum of conventional and exotic hadrons. Structure of certain conventional hadrons is addressed as well.
We study the valence approximation in lattice QCD of hadrons where the cloud quarks and antiquarks are deleted by truncating the backward time propagation (Z graphs) in the connected insertions. Whereas, the sea quarks are eliminated via…
Recent progress in lattice QCD calculations of nucleon structure will be presented. Calculations of nucleon matrix elements and form factors have long been difficult to reconcile with experiment, but with advances in both methodology and…