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Let $\vec{T}_k$ be the transitive tournament on $k$ vertices. We show that every oriented graph on $n=4m$ vertices with minimum total degree $(11/12+o(1))n$ can be partitioned into vertex disjoint $\vec{T}_4$'s, and this bound is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-28 Louis DeBiasio , Allan Lo , Theodore Molla , Andrew Treglown

We prove a conjecture of Fox, Huang, and Lee that characterizes directed graphs that have constant density in all tournaments: they are disjoint unions of trees that are each constructed in a certain recursive way.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Yufei Zhao , Yunkun Zhou

Thomason [$\textit{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}$ 296.1 (1986)] proved that every sufficiently large tournament contains Hamilton paths and cycles with all possible orientations, except possibly the consistently oriented Hamilton cycle. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Debsoumya Chakraborti , Jaehoon Kim , Hyunwoo Lee , Jaehyeon Seo

We determine the inducibility of all tournaments with at most $4$ vertices together with the extremal constructions. The $4$-vertex tournament containing an oriented $C_3$ and one source vertex has a particularly interesting extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Dalton Burke , Bernard Lidický , Florian Pfender , Michael Phillips

The score sequence of a tournament is the sequence of the out-degrees of its vertices arranged in nondecreasing order. The problem of counting score sequences of a tournament with $n$ vertices is more than 100 years old (MacMahon 1920). In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Anders Claesson , Mark Dukes , Atli Fannar Franklín , Sigurður Örn Stefánsson

We prove that, with high probability, any $2$-edge-colouring of a random tournament on $n$ vertices contains a monochromatic path of length $\Omega(n / \sqrt{\log n})$. This resolves a conjecture of Ben-Eliezer, Krivelevich and Sudakov and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-11 Matija Bucić , Shoham Letzter , Benny Sudakov

We prove that every oriented tree on $n$ vertices with bounded maximum degree appears as a spanning subdigraph of every directed graph on $n$ vertices with minimum semidegree at least $n/2+o(n)$. This can be seen as a directed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Richard Mycroft , Tássio Naia

We study the dynamic optimality conjecture, which predicts that splay trees are a form of universally efficient binary search tree, for any access sequence. We reduce this claim to a regular access bound, which seems plausible and might be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Luís M. S. Russo

Hajnal and Szemeredi proved that every graph G with |G|=ks and minimum degree at least k(s-1) contains k vertex disjoint s-cliques; moreover this degree bound is optimal. We extend their theorem to directed graphs by showing that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-19 Andrzej Czygrinow , Louis DeBiasio , H. A. Kierstead , Theodore Molla

Rosenfeld in 1974 conjectured that there is an integer N > 8 such that every tournament of order n > N contains every non-directed cycle of order n. We prove that, with exactly 35 exceptions, every tournament of order n > 2 contains each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-10 Ayman El Zein

Both Cuckler and Yuster independently conjectured that when $n$ is an odd positive multiple of $3$ every regular tournament on $n$ vertices contains a collection of $n/3$ vertex-disjoint copies of the cyclic triangle. Soon after, Keevash…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Lina Li , Theodore Molla

An oriented graph $\vec{H}$ is said to be tournament anti-Sidorenko if the homomorphism density of $\vec{H}$ in any tournament $\vec{T}$ is bounded above by the homomorphism density of $\vec{H}$ in a large uniformly random tournament. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Hao Chen , Felix Christian Clemen , Jonathan A. Noel

We form a "map of tournaments" by adapting the map framework from the world of elections. By a tournament we mean a complete directed graph where the nodes are the players and an edge points from a winner of a game to the loser (with no…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Filip Nikolow , Piotr Faliszewski , Stanisław Szufa

A $k$-tournament $H$ on $n$ vertices is a pair $(V, A)$ for $2\leq k\leq n$, where $V(H)$ is a set of vertices, and $A(H)$ is a set of all possible $k$-tuples of vertices, such that for any $k$-subset $S$ of $V$, $A(H)$ contains exactly one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-25 Jiangdong Ai , Qiming Dai , Qiwen Guo , Yingqi Hu , Changxin Wang

A {\em tournament} is a directed graph $T$ such that every pair of vertices is connected by an arc. A {\em feedback vertex set} is a set $S$ of vertices in $T$ such that $T - S$ is acyclic. We consider the {\sc Feedback Vertex Set} problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Daniel Lokshtanov , Pranabendu Misra , Joydeep Mukherjee , Geevarghese Philip , Fahad Panolan , Saket Saurabh

A directed graph where there is exactly one edge between every pair of vertices is called a {\em tournament}. Finding the "best" set of vertices of a tournament is a well studied problem in social choice theory. A {\em tournament solution}…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Arnab Maiti , Palash Dey

We find an exact formula for the number of directed 5-cycles in a tournament in terms of its edge score sequence. We use this formula to find both upper and lower bounds on the number of 5-cycles in any $n$-tournament. In particular, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-17 Natasha Komarov , John Mackey

Rosenfeld Conjectured in 1972 that there exists an integer K $\geq$ 8 such that any tournament of order n $\geq$ K contains any Hamiltonian oriented path. In 2000, Havet and Thomass\'e proved this conjecture for any tournament with exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Charbel Bou Hanna

Tournament solutions provide methods for selecting the "best" alternatives from a tournament and have found applications in a wide range of areas. Previous work has shown that several well-known tournament solutions almost never rule out…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Christian Saile , Warut Suksompong

We say that a (di)graph $G$ has a perfect $H$-packing if there exists a set of vertex-disjoint copies of $H$ which cover all the vertices in $G$. The seminal Hajnal--Szemer\'edi theorem characterises the minimum degree that ensures a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-27 Andrew Treglown