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For any continuous self-map of a compact metric space, we consider the space of chain components and prove that the s-limit shadowing implies the denseness of chain components with the shadowing property. It gives a partial answer to a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-31 Noriaki Kawaguchi

While finite non-commutative operator systems lie at the foundation of quantum measurement, they are also tools for understanding geometric iterations as used in the theory of iterated function systems (IFSs) and in wavelet analysis. Key is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Palle E. T. Jorgensen

To measure an observable of a quantum mechanical system leaves it in one of its eigenstates and the result of the measurement is one of its eigenvalues. This process is shown to be a computational resource. It allows one, in principle, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Stefan Weigert

In this work, our aim is to obtain conditions to assure polynomial approximation in Hilbert spaces $L^{2}(\mu)$, with $\mu$ a compactly supported measure in the complex plane, in terms of properties of the associated moment matrix to the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-28 Carmen Escribano , Raquel Gonzalo , Emilio Torrano

In this work, we define the notion of unimodular random measured metric spaces as a common generalization of various other notions. This includes the discrete cases like unimodular graphs and stationary point processes, as well as the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-07 Ali Khezeli

Efficiently learning expectation values of a quantum state using classical shadow tomography has become a fundamental task in quantum information theory. In a classical shadows protocol, one measures a state in a chosen basis W after it has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Maxwell West , Antonio Anna Mele , Martin Larocca , M. Cerezo

We study the prospects of using the low-redshift and high-redshift black hole shadows as new cosmological standard rulers for measuring cosmological parameters. We show that, using the low-redshift observation of the black hole shadow of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-28 Jing-Zhao Qi , Xin Zhang

A quantum probability measure is a function on a sigma-algebra of subsets of a (locally compact and Hausdorff) sample space that satisfies the formal requirements for a measure, but whose values are positive operators acting on a complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Douglas Farenick , Michael J. Kozdron

In this paper, we introduce for the first time the notions of neutrosophic measure and neutrosophic integral, and we develop the 1995 notion of neutrosophic probability. We present many practical examples. It is possible to define the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-12-02 Florentin Smarandache

We study the impact of different fluid matter scenarios on the shadow of black holes (BH) and on frequencies of quasinormal modes (QNM) for a black hole subjected to scalar perturbations, with a comparison to the standard Kerr. The analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Reza Pourkhodabakhshi , Jorge G. Russo

We associate with any finite subset of a metric space an infinite sequence of scale invariant numbers $\rho_1,\rho_2,\dots$ derived from a variant of differential entropy called the genial entropy. As statistics for point processes, these…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-20 William J. Ralph

Shadow art is a captivating form of sculptural expression where the projection of a sculpture in a specific direction reveals a desired shape with high precision. In this work, we introduce Neural Shadow Art, which leverages implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Caoliwen Wang , Bailin Deng , Juyong Zhang

We develop a method to measure the probability, P(N;M), of finding N galaxies in a dark-matter halo of mass M from the theoretically determined clustering properties of dark-matter halos and the observationally measured clustering…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Andrew J. Benson

Let $n>m$, and let $A$ be an $(m\times n)$-matrix of full rank. Then obviously the estimate $\|Ax\|\leq\|A\|\|x\|$ holds for the euclidean norm of $x$ and $Ax$ and the spectral norm as the assigned matrix norm. We study the sets of all $x$…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Harry Yserentant

The terrain survey techniques of photogrammetry, LIDAR, Sonar or seismic studies are subject to limitation of shadow zones. It is not possible to capture the terrain pattern and requires interpolation and extrapolation for conformal mapping…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-07-25 Vedant Garg , Sabir B. Shafi Lone , Swetabh C. Singh

In quantum information theory, the accurate estimation of observables is pivotal for quantum information processing, playing a crucial role in compute and communication protocols. This work introduces a novel technique for estimating such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Andrea Caprotti , Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić

Classical shadow tomography provides a randomized scheme for approximating the quantum state and its properties at reduced computational cost with applications in quantum computing. In this Letter we present an algorithm for realizing fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Irma Avdic , David A. Mazziotti

Let ${\mathcal S}_m$ be the set of all $m\times m$ density matrices (Hermitian positively semi-definite matrices of unit trace). Consider a problem of estimation of an unknown density matrix $\rho\in {\mathcal S}_m$ based on outcomes of $n$…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-18 Dong Xia , Vladimir Koltchinskii

We give a brief review on the formation and the calculation of black hole shadow. Firstly, we introduce the conception of black hole shadow and the current works on a variety of black hole shadows. Secondly, we present main methods of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-11 Mingzhi Wang , Songbai Chen , Jiliang Jing

We look at the preservation of various notions of shadowing in discrete dynamical systems under inverse limits, products, factor maps and the induced maps for symmetric products and hyperspaces. The shadowing properties we consider are the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-01-03 Chris Good , Joel Mitchell , Joe Thomas