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Context. Variability is a ubiquitous feature of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the characterisation of the variability is crucial to constrain its physical mechanism and proper applications in AGN studies. The advent of all-sky and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-04 Heechan Yuk , Xinyu Dai

AGN, powered by accretion onto SMBHs, are thought to be scaled up versions of Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BH-XRBs). In the past few years evidence of such correspondence include similarities in the broadband shape of the X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 O. Gonzalez-Martin , S. Vaughan

We systematically analyze X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the 7~Ms \textit{Chandra} Deep Field-South survey. On the longest timescale ($\approx~17$ years), we find only weak (if any) dependence of X-ray variability…

[Abbreviated] We search for scaling relations between the fundamental AGN parameters and rest-frame UV/optical variability properties for a sample of $\sim$90 X-ray selected AGNs covering a wide redshift range from the XMM-COSMOS survey,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-01-13 T. Simm , M. Salvato , R. Saglia , G. Ponti , G. Lanzuisi , K. Nandra , R. Bender

We study the ensemble X-ray variability properties of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a large range of timescales (20 ks $\leq T\leq$ 14 yrs), redshift ($0\leq z \lesssim 3$), luminosities ($10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}\leq L_X\leq 10^{46}$ erg…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-10 M. Paolillo , I. E. Papadakis , W. N. Brandt , F. E. Bauer , G. Lanzuisi , V. Allevato , O. Shemmer , X. C. Zheng , D. De Cicco , R. Gilli , B. Luo , M. Thomas , P. Tozzi , F. Vito , Y. Q. Xue

Accreting supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies are the engine of active galactic nuclei (AGN). X-ray light curves of unabsorbed AGN show dramatic random variability on timescales ranging from seconds to years. The power…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-29 Mehdy Lefkir , Simon Vaughan , Mike Goad , Daniela Huppenkothen , Phil Uttley

X-ray variability in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is commonly analysed in terms of the Power Spectral Density (PSD). The break observed in the power spectrum can be interpreted as a characteristic X-ray variability time scale. Here we study…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 W. Ishibashi , T. J. -L. Courvoisier

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are generally considered as the scaled-up counterparts of X-ray binaries (XRBs). It is known that the power spectral density (PSD) of the X-ray emission of XRBs shows significant evolution with spectral states.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-07 Haonan Yang , Chichuan Jin , Weimin Yuan

We present results of our Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis of 30 AGN using the 58 month light curves from Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) in the 14-150 keV band. PSDs were fit using a Monte Carlo based algorithm to take into…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-05-28 T. Taro Shimizu , Richard F. Mushotzky

We present soft X-ray variability time-scales for 65 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) derived from ROSAT/PSPC pointing data. For these 65 objects with obvious exponential increasing or decreasing patterns in their light curves, we use the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 W. Bian , Y. Zhao

Variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has long been servicing as an essential avenue of exploring the accretion physics of black hole (BH). There are two commonly used methods for analyzing AGN variability. First, the AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-04 Zhen-Bo Su , Zhen-Yi Cai , Mouyuan Sun , Hengxiao Guo , Wei-Min Gu , Jun-Xian Wang

We study the X-ray variability properties of distant AGNs in the Chandra Deep Field-South region over 17 years, up to $z\sim 4$, and compare them with those predicted by models based on local samples. We use the results of Monte Carlo…

The $\gamma$-ray astronomy in time domain has been by now progressed further as the variabilities of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) on different timescales have been reported a lot. We study the $\gamma$-ray variabilities of 23 jetted AGNs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-25 Haiyun Zhang , Dahai Yan , Li Zhang

We investigate the X-ray variability characteristics of hard X-ray selected AGNs (based on Swift/BAT data) in the soft X-ray band using the RXTE/ASM data. The uncertainties involved in the individual dwell measurements of ASM are critically…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-11 V. R. Chitnis , J. K. Pendharkar , D. Bose , V. K. Agrawal , A. R. Rao , R. Misra

It is generally thought that AGN optical variability is produced, at least in part, by reprocessing of central X-rays by a surrounding accretion disc, resulting in wavelength-dependent lags between bands. Any good model of AGN optical…

Scaling relations are the most powerful astrophysical tools to set constraints to the physical mechanisms of astro- nomical sources and to infer properties that cannot be accessed directly. We re-investigate here one of these scaling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-02 O. González-Martín

Over the last 12 years, AGN monitoring by RXTE, has revolutionised our understanding of the X-ray variability of AGN, of the relationship between AGN and Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) and hence of the accretion process itself,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 I. M. McHardy

Analysing the long-term radio variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is essential to understanding the physics of relativistic jets launched by supermassive black holes. We aim to connect the characteristic timescales obtained from a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-07 Sofia Kankkunen , Merja Tornikoski , Talvikki Hovatta

An empirical model is presented that links, for the first time, the demographics of AGN to their ensemble X-ray variability properties. Observations on the incidence of AGN in galaxies are combined with (i) models of the Power Spectrum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-13 A. Georgakakis , I. Papadakis , M. Paolillo

Under the unified model for active galactic nuclei (AGNs), narrow-line (Type 2) AGNs are, in fact, broad-line (Type 1) AGNs but each with a heavily obscured accretion disk. We would therefore expect the optical continuum emission from Type…

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