English
Related papers

Related papers: When A Standard Candle Flickers

200 papers

Aims. The Crab nebula displayed a large gamma-ray flare on September 18, 2010. To more closely understand the origin of this phenomenon, we analyze the INTEGRAL (20-500 keV) and FERMI (0.1-300 GeV) data collected almost simultaneously…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 M. Balbo , R. Walter , C. Ferrigno , P. Bordas

The Crab Nebula has long been the standard reference point source for very-high-energy (VHE, E $>$100 GeV) gamma-ray observatories such as VERITAS. It has enabled testing and improvement of analysis methods, validation of techniques, and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Ralph Bird

The Crab nebula originated from a core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion observed in 1054 A.D. When viewed as a supernova remnant (SNR), it has an anomalously low observed ejecta mass and kinetic energy for an Fe-core collapse SN. Intensive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-25 Hitomi Collaboration , Felix Aharonian , Hiroki Akamatsu , Fumie Akimoto , Steven W. Allen , Lorella Angelini , Marc Audard , Hisamitsu Awaki , Magnus Axelsson , Aya Bamba , Marshall W. Bautz , Roger Blandford , Laura W. Brenneman , Greg V. Brown , Esra Bulbul , Edward M. Cackett , Maria Chernyakova , Meng P. Chiao , Paolo S. Coppi , Elisa Costantini , Jelle de Plaa , Cor P. de Vries , Jan-Willem den Herder , Chris Done , Tadayasu Dotani , Ken Ebisawa , Megan E. Eckart , Teruaki Enoto , Yuichiro Ezoe , Andrew C. Fabian , Carlo Ferrigno , Adam R. Foster , Ryuichi Fujimoto , Yasushi Fukazawa , Akihiro Furuzawa , Massimiliano Galeazzi , Luigi C. Gallo , Poshak Gandhi , Margherita Giustini , Andrea Goldwurm , Liyi Gu , Matteo Guainazzi , Yoshito Haba , Kouichi Hagino , Kenji Hamaguchi , Ilana M. Harrus , Isamu Hatsukade , Katsuhiro Hayashi , Takayuki Hayashi , Kiyoshi Hayashida , Junko S. Hiraga , Ann Hornschemeier , Akio Hoshino , John P. Hughes , Yuto Ichinohe , Ryo Iizuka , Hajime Inoue , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Manabu Ishida , Kumi Ishikawa , Yoshitaka Ishisaki , Jelle Kaastra , Tim Kallman , Tsuneyoshi Kamae , Jun Kataoka , Satoru Katsuda , Nobuyuki Kawai , Richard L. Kelley , Caroline A. Kilbourne , Takao Kitaguchi , Shunji Kitamoto , Tetsu Kitayama , Takayoshi Kohmura , Motohide Kokubun , Katsuji Koyama , Shu Koyama , Peter Kretschmar , Hans A. Krimm , Aya Kubota , Hideyo Kunieda , Philippe Laurent , Shiu-Hang Lee , Maurice A. Leutenegger , Olivier O. Limousin , Michael Loewenstein , Knox S. Long , David Lumb , Greg Madejski , Yoshitomo Maeda , Daniel Maier , Kazuo Makishima , Maxim Markevitch , Hironori Matsumoto , Kyoko Matsushita , Dan McCammon , Brian R. McNamara , Missagh Mehdipour , Eric D. Miller , Jon M. Miller , Shin Mineshige , Kazuhisa Mitsuda , Ikuyuki Mitsuishi , Takuya Miyazawa , Tsunefumi Mizuno , Hideyuki Mori , Koji Mori , Koji Mukai , Hiroshi Murakami , Richard F. Mushotzky , Takao Nakagawa , Hiroshi Nakajima , Takeshi Nakamori , Shinya Nakashima , Kazuhiro Nakazawa , Kumiko K. Nobukawa , Masayoshi Nobukawa , Hirofumi Noda , Hirokazu Odaka , Takaya Ohashi , Masanori Ohno , Takashi Okajima , Naomi Ota , Masanobu Ozaki , Frits Paerels , Stephane Paltani , Robert Petre , Ciro Pinto , Frederick S. Porter , Katja Pottschmidt , Christopher S. Reynolds , Samar Safi-Harb , Shinya Saito , Kazuhiro Sakai , Toru Sasaki , Goro Sato , Kosuke Sato , Rie Sato , Toshiki Sato , Makoto Sawada , Norbert Schartel , Peter J. Serlemtsos , Hiromi Seta , Megumi Shidatsu , Aurora Simionescu , Randall K. Smith , Yang Soong , Lukasz Stawarz , Yasuharu Sugawara , Satoshi Sugita , Andrew Szymkowiak , Hiroyasu Tajima , Hiromitsu Takahashi , Tadayuki Takahashi , Shinichiro Takeda , Yoh Takei , Toru Tamagawa , Takayuki Tamura , Takaaki Tanaka , Yasuo Tanaka , Yasuyuki T. Tanaka , Makoto S. Tashiro , Yuzuru Tawara , Yukikatsu Terada , Yuichi Terashima , Francesco Tombesi , Hiroshi Tomida , Yohko Tsuboi , Masahiro Tsujimoto , Hiroshi Tsunemi , Takeshi Go Tsuru , Hiroyuki Uchida , Hideki Uchiyama , Yasunobu Uchiyama , Shutaro Ueda , Yoshihiro Ueda , Shinichiro Uno , C. Megan Urry , Eugenio Ursino , Shin Watanabe , Norbert Werner , Dan R. Wilkins , Brian J. Williams , Shinya Yamada , Hiroya Yamaguchi , Kazutaka Yamaoka , Noriko Y. Yamasaki , Makoto Yamauchi , Shigeo Yamauchi , Tahir Yaqoob , Yoichi Yatsu , Daisuke Yonetoku , Irina Zhuravleva , Abderahmen Zoghbi , Nozomu Tominaga , Takashi J. Moriya

The Crab Nebula is a bright emitter of non-thermal radiation across the entire accessible range of wavelengths. The spatial and spectral structures of the synchrotron nebula are well-resolved from radio to hard X-ray emission. The un-pulsed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-03 Paul K. H. Yeung , Dieter Horns

The Crab Pulsar is a relatively young neutron star. The pulsar is the central star in the Crab Nebula, a remnant of the supernova SN 1054, which was observed on Earth in the year 1054. The Crab Pulsar has been extensively observed in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 Fermi Collaboration , Fermi Pulsar Timing Consortium

A search for potential point sources of very high energy gamma rays has been carried out on the data taken simultaneously by the HEGRA AIROBICC and Scintillator arrays from August 1994 to March 2000. The list of sought sources includes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 HEGRA Collaboration , F. A. Aharonian

It has been over 24 years since the iconic Crab Nebula has been visited by the high spatial resolution eye of the Hubble Space Telescope. The expanding nebula is dynamic on these timescales, with many of the outer filaments of the nebula…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-15 William P. Blair , Ravi Sankrit , Dan Milisavljevic , Tea Temim , J. Martin Laming , Patrick Slane , Ziwei Ding , Thomas Martin

The Crab supernova remnant has been observed regularly with the stereoscopic system of 5 imaging air Cherenkov telescopes that was part of the High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy (HEGRA) experiment. In total, close to 400 hours of useful data…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-28 F. Aharonian et al.

Between 2004 and 2009 a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with a X-ray flux larger than 2 uJy at 1 keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-03-03 MAGIC Collaboration , J. Aleksić , L. A. Antonelli , P. Antoranz , M. Backes , C. Baixeras , J. A. Barrio , D. Bastieri , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , A. Berdyugin , K. Berger , E. Bernardini , A. Biland , O. Blanch , R. K. Bock , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , D. Borla Tridon , V. Bosch-Ramon , D. Bose , I. Braun , T. Bretz , D. Britzger , M. Camara , E. Carmona , A. Carosi , P. Colin , S. Commichau , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , M. T. Costado , S. Covino , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , E. De Cea del Pozo , R. De los Reyes , B. De Lotto , M. De Maria , F. De Sabata , C. Delgado Mendez , M. Doert , A. Domínguez , D. Dominis Prester , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , M. Errando , D. Ferenc , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , M. Gaug , N. Godinovic , D. Hadasch , A. Herrero , D. Hildebrand , D. Höhne-Mönch , J. Hose , D. Hrupec , C. C. Hsu , T. Jogler , S. Klepser , T. Krähenbühl , D. Kranich , A. La Barbera , A. Laille , E. Leonardo , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. López , E Lorenz , P. Majumdar , G. Maneva , N. Mankuzhiyil , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , D. Mazin , M. Meucci , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , H. Miyamoto , J. Moldón , M. Moles , A. Moralejo , D. Nieto , K. Nilsson , J. Ninkovic , R. Orito , I. Oya , S. Paiano , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , S. Partini , M. Pasanen , D. Pascoli , F. Pauss , R. G. Pegna , M. A. Perez-Torres , M. Persic , L. Peruzzo , F. Prada , E. Prandini , N. Puchades , I. Puljak , I. Reichardt , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , M. Rissi , S. Rügamer , A. Saggion , T. Y. Saito , M. Salvati , M. Sánchez-Conde , K. Satalecka , V. Scalzotto , V. Scapin , C. Schultz , T. Schweizer , M. Shayduk , S. N. Shore , A. Sierpowska-Bartosik , A. Sillanpää , J Sitarek , D. Sobczynska , F. Spanier , S. Spiro , A. Stamerra , B. Steinke , J. C. Struebig , T. Suric , L. Takalo , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzic , D. Tescaro , M. Teshima , O. Tibolla , D. F. Torres , H. Vankov , R. M. Wagner , Q. Weitzel , V Zabalza , F. Zandanel , R. Zanin

The Crab nebula and pulsar have been widely used as a calibration source for X-ray instruments. The in-flight effective area calibration of the Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) of XMM-Newton depend upon the availability of reliable…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-11-13 J. S. Kaastra , C. P. de Vries , E. Costantini , J. W. A. den Herder

The Crab Nebula has been observed by the HEGRA stereoscopic system of 4 imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) for about 100 hours from 1997 September to 1998 March. The recent detailed studies on the system performance give an energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 A. Konopelko

Gamma rays with energies greater than 7 TeV from the Crab pulsar/nebula have been observed at large zenith angles, using the Imaging Atmospheric Technique from Woomera, South Australia. CANGAROO data taken in 1992, 1993 and 1995 indicate…

Apparently, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are all but standard candles. Their emission is collimated into a cone and the received flux depends on the cone aperture angle. Fortunately we can derive the aperture angle through an achromatic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 G. Ghisellini , G. Ghirlanda , C. Firmani , D. Lazzati , V. Avila-Reese , .

The oblique geometry of pulsar wind termination shock ensures that the Doppler beaming has a strong impact on the shock emission. We illustrate this using recent relativistic MHD simulations of the Crab Nebula and also show that the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 S. S. Komissarov , M. Lyutikov

Aims. We use the IBIS/ISGRI telescope on-board INTEGRAL to measure the position of the centroid of the 20-200 keV emission from the Crab region. Methods. We find that the astrometry of the IBIS telescope is affected by the temperature of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 D. Eckert , V. Savchenko , N. Produit , C. Ferrigno

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a TeV gamma-ray detector, completed in early 2015. HAWC started science operations in August 2013 with a third of the detector taking data. Several known gamma-ray sources have already…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Francisco Salesa Greus

We have analyzed five ROSAT HRI images of the Crab Nebula spanning the years 1991 to 1997 and have found significant changes in the emission structure of the X-ray torus surrounding the pulsar. Certain regions increase in brightness by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 C. Greiveldinger , B. Aschenbach

The Gamma ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on board Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has been providing continuous data to the astronomical community since 2008 August 12. We will present the results of the analysis of the first three years of these…

In this paper, we continue to build support for the proposal to use gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as standard candles in constructing the Hubble Diagram at redshifts beyond the current reach of Type Ia supernova observations. We confirm that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Jun-Jie Wei , Xue-Feng Wu , Fulvio Melia

We have analyzed 16 years of observations dedicated to the Crab (pulsar + nebula) with the INTEGRAL SPI instrument to investigate its polarization properties. We find that the source presents a substantially polarized emission (PF = 24%) in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-25 E. Jourdain , J. P. Roques