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This note is a survey of examples and results about cellular automata with the purpose of recalling that there is no 'universal' way of being computationally universal. In particular, we show how some cellular automata can embed efficient…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Guillaume Theyssier

A natural architecture for nanoscale quantum computation is that of a quantum cellular automaton. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we begin an investigation of exactly unitary cellular automata. After proving that there can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 David A. Meyer

There exists an index theory to classify strictly local quantum cellular automata in one dimension. We consider two classification questions. First, we study to what extent this index theory can be applied in higher dimensions via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 M. Freedman , M. B. Hastings

The question of whether quantum real-time one-counter automata (rtQ1CAs) can outperform their probabilistic counterparts has been open for more than a decade. We provide an affirmative answer to this question, by demonstrating a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-01-29 A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

Quantum walks on lattices can give rise to one-particle relativistic wave equations in the long-wavelength limit. In going to multiple particles, quantum cellular automata (QCA) are natural generalizations of quantum walks. In one spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Todd A. Brun , Leonard Mlodinow

We define quantum cellular automata as infinite quantum lattice systems with discrete time dynamics, such that the time step commutes with lattice translations and has strictly finite propagation speed. In contrast to earlier definitions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Schumacher , R. F. Werner

We construct a novel three-dimensional quantum cellular automaton (QCA) based on a system with short-range entangled bulk and chiral semion boundary topological order. We argue that either the QCA is nontrivial, i.e. not a finite-depth…

Can we reduce Quantum Field Theory (QFT) to a quantum computation? Can physics be simulated by a quantum computer? Do we believe that a quantum field is ultimately made of a numerable set of quantum systems that are unitarily interacting? A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-21 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano

Cellular Automata (CA), as they are presented in the literature, are abstract mathematical models of computation. In this pa- per we present an alternate approach: using the CA as a model or theory of physical systems and devices. While…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-09-11 Donny Cheung , Carlos A. Perez-Delgado

We investigate quantum cellular automata (QCA) on one-dimensional spin systems defined over a subalgebra of the full local operator algebra - the symmetric subalgebra under a finite Abelian group symmetry $G$. For systems where each site…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Ruochen Ma , Yabo Li , Meng Cheng

Quantum cellular automata are alternative quantum-computing paradigms to quantum Turing machines and quantum circuits. Their working mechanisms are inherently automated, therefore measurement free, and they act in a translation invariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Don Winter , Markus Müller

Quantum phases of matter are resources for notions of quantum computation. In this work, we establish a new link between concepts of quantum information theory and condensed matter physics by presenting a unified understanding of…

In this paper we present a quantization of Cellular Automata. Our formalism is based on a lattice of qudits, and an update rule consisting of local unitary operators that commute with their own lattice translations. One purpose of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-17 Carlos A. Perez-Delgado , Donny Cheung

We present a general framework for constructing quantum cellular automata (QCA) from topological quantum field theories (TQFT) and invertible subalgebras (ISA) using the cup-product formalism. This approach explicitly realizes all…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Meng Sun , Bowen Yang , Zongyuan Wang , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn , Yu-An Chen

Quantum-dot fabrication and characterization is a well-established technology, which is used in photonics, quantum optics and nanoelectronics. Four quantum-dots placed at the corners of a square form a unit cell, which can hold a bit of…

Goldilocks quantum cellular automata (QCA) have been simulated on quantum hardware and produce emergent small-world correlation networks. In Goldilocks QCA, a single-qubit unitary is applied to each qubit in a one-dimensional chain subject…

We show that quantum cellular automata naturally form the degree-zero part of a coarse homology theory. The recent result of Ji and Yang that the space of QCA forms an Omega-spectrum in the sense of algebraic topology is a direct…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Matthias Ludewig

After the first treatments of quantum finite state automata by Moore and Crutchfield and by Kondacs and Watrous, a number of papers study the power of quantum finite state automata and their variants. This paper introduces a model of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Tomohiro Yamasaki , Hirotada Kobayashi , Hiroshi Imai

We consider quantum systems with causal dynamics in discrete spacetimes, also known as quantum cellular automata (QCA). Due to time-discreteness this type of dynamics is not characterized by a Hamiltonian but by a one-time-step unitary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-30 Zoltán Zimborás , Terry Farrelly , Szilárd Farkas , Lluis Masanes

Cellular automata are interacting classical bits that display diverse emergent behaviors, from fractals to random-number generators to Turing-complete computation. We discover that quantum cellular automata (QCA) can exhibit complexity in…