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We develop a formulation of particle mechanics in which the functional relation between force and kinetic energy is derived directly from local conservation mechanical energy $E$, rather than postulated through Newton's second law or a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Thomas Oikonomou

Many students meet quite early this dipole-dipole potential energy when they are taught electrostatics or magnetostatics, and it is also a very popular formula, featured in the encyclopedias. We show that by a simple rewriting of the…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-05-13 Ladislav Kocbach , Suhail Lubbad

We define the notion of mutual quantum measurements of two macroscopic objects and investigate the effect of these measurements on the velocities of the objects. We show that multiple mutual quantum measurements can lead to an effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Walter Hahn , Boris V. Fine

The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Comay

A trajectory isomorphism between the two Newtonian fixed center problem in the sphere and two associated planar two fixed center problems is constructed by performing two simultaneous gnomonic projections in $S^2$. This isomorphism converts…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-10-03 M. A. Gonzalez Leon , J. Mateos Guilarte , M. de la Torre Mayado

Modern physics is largely devoted to study conservation laws, such as charge, energy, linear momentum or angular momentum, because they give us information about the symmetries of our universe. Here, we propose to add the relationship…

The Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics is widely applicable in solving a vast array of physics problems encountered in the undergraduate and graduate physics curriculum. Unfortunately, many treatments of the topic lack…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Gerd Wagner , Matthew W. Guthrie

We relate the unconstrained `double metric' of the `$\alpha'$-geometry' formulation of double field theory to the constrained generalized metric encoding the spacetime metric and b-field. This is achieved by integrating out auxiliary field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-23 Olaf Hohm , Barton Zwiebach

A simple mapping procedure is presented by which classical orbits and path integrals for the motion of a point particle in flat space can be transformed directly into those in curved space with torsion. Our procedure evolved from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 H. Kleinert

The problem of unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism in four dimensions; some new ideas involving mixtures of commuting and anti-commuting co-ordinates. Maxwell's equations are extracted in terms of the curvature of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 G Filewood

In 1687, Sir Issac Newton published The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in which the law of universal gravitation was derived. It is the first inverse-square law discovered in nature, combined with Coulomb's law in 1785, the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-07 Zhi Wu Jiang , Hang Ding , Er Qiang Li

The Lorentz Transformation is traditionally derived requiring the Principle of Relativity and light-speed universality. While the latter can be relaxed, the Principle of Relativity is seen as core to the transformation. The present letter…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Dima

It is proved that the set of geodesic circles in two dimensions may be given a variational description and the explicit form of it is presented. In the limit case of the Euclidean geometry a certain claim of uniqueness of such description…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Roman Matsyuk

Newton's inverse-square law of universal gravitation assumes constant mass. But mass increases with speed and perhaps with gravity. By SR, mass is increased over the rest mass by gamma. Rest mass is here postulated to increase under…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. L. Collins

The lecture explains the geometric basis for the recently-discovered nonholonomic mapping principle which specifies certain laws of nature in spacetimes with curvature and torsion from those in flat spacetime, thus replacing and extending…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Hagen Kleinert

Newton's deduction of the inverse square law from Kepler's ellipse and area laws together with his "superb theorem" on the gravitation attraction of spherically symmetric bodies, are the major steps leading to the discovery of the law of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2014-08-29 Wu-Yi Hsiang , Eldar Straume

Under certain conditions usually fulfilled in classical mechanics, the principle of conservation of linear momentum and Newton's third law are equivalent. However, the demonstration of this fact is usually incomplete in textbooks. We shall…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodolfo A. Diaz , William J. Herrera

We revisit Newton's equation of motion in one dimension when the moving particle has a variable mass m(x,t) depending both on position (x) and time (t). Geometrically the mass function is identified with one of the metric function in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-15 S. Habib Mazharimousavi , M. Halilsoy

This thesis is divided in two parts. The first part contains the study of some properties of the electromagnetic duality in 4 dimensions. An extended double potential formalism for linearized gravity is introduced which allows to write an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-12-23 Cedric Troessaert

Generic relevant deformations of Einstein's gravity theory contain additional degrees of freedom that have a multi-facetted stabilization dynamics on curved spacetimes. We show that these relevant degrees of freedom are self-protected…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-05-23 Felix Berkhahn , Dennis D. Dietrich , Stefan Hofmann