Related papers: The Ultra Relativistic Maxwell and Proca Equations
Maxwell's equations cannot describe a homogeneous and isotropic universe with a uniformly distributed net charge, because the electromagnetic field tensor in such a universe must be vanishing everywhere. For a closed universe with a nonzero…
We consider the behavior of the particles at ultra relativistic energies, for both the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. We observe that the usual description is valid for energies such that we are outside the particle's Compton wavelength.…
In the first sections of this article, we discuss two variations on Maxwell's equations that have been introduced in earlier work--a class of nonlinear Maxwell theories with well-defined Galilean limits (and correspondingly generalized…
We study a massive-photon electrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the curved spacetime of Einstein's gravity. We consider a Proca-type photon mass and present equations in terms of electric and magnetic (EM) fields and the vector…
We introduce a non-linear extension of Proca's field theory for massive vector (spin $1$) bosons. The associated relativistic nonlinear wave equation is related to recently advanced nonlinear extensions of the Schroedinger, Dirac, and…
We commemorate 50 years from A. Proca's death. Proca equation is a relativistic wave equation for a massive spin-1 particle. The weak interaction is transmitted by such kind of vector bosons. Also vector fields are used to describe spin-1…
The effects of a nonzero photon rest mass can be incorporated into electromagnetism in a simple way using the Proca equations. In this vein, two interesting implications regarding the possible existence of a massive photon in nature, i.e.,…
Maxwell's equation, Dirac's equation and the equation of gravito-electromagnetism are shown to be particular instances of the extended Maxwell system. The equations are discussed in the framework of the theory of evolutionary equations.…
We study the neutral massive Maxwell (Proca) equation on subextremal Reissner--Nordstr\"om exteriors. After spherical-harmonic decomposition, the odd sector is scalar, while the even sector remains a genuinely coupled $2\times2$ system. Our…
The paper shows the relationship between the major wave equations in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, such as Schroedinger's equation, Dirac's equation and the Maxwell equations. It is shown that they can be derived in a striking…
In an attempt to clarify what is the velocity of a particle in doubly special relativity, we solve Maxwell's equations invariant under the position-space nonlinear Lorentz transformation proposed by Kimberly, Magueijo, and Medeiros. We show…
A new term describing interactions between charge and potentials may be added to the right hand side of the Einstein equations. In the proposed term an additional tensor has been introduced containing a charge density, analogous to the…
We argue that all Einstein-Maxwell or Einstein-Proca solutions to general relativity may be used to construct a large class of solutions (involving torsion and non-metricity) to theories of non-Riemannian gravitation that have been recently…
The problem of unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism in four dimensions; some new ideas involving mixtures of commuting and anti-commuting co-ordinates. Maxwell's equations are extracted in terms of the curvature of the…
We will provide detailed arguments showing that the set of Maxwell equations, and the corresponding wave equations, do not properly describe the evolution of electromagnetic wave-fronts. We propose a nonlinear corrected version that is…
Maxwell's equations describe the evolution of electromagnetic fields, together with constraints on the divergence of the magnetic and electric flux densities. These constraints correspond to fundamental physical laws: the nonexistence of…
Maxwell's equations and the equations governing charged particle dynamics are presented for a rotating coordinate system with the global time coordinate of an observer on the rotational axis. Special care is taken in defining the relevant…
Gersten has shown how Maxwell equations can be derived from first principles, similar to those which have been used to obtain the Dirac relativistic electron equation. We show how Proca equations can be also deduced from first principles,…
It is shown that the pre-metric approach to Maxwell's equations provides an alternative to the traditional Einstein-Maxwell unification program, namely, that electromagnetism and gravitation are unified in a different way that makes the…
It is shown that the set of equations known as Maxwell's equations perfectly describe two very different systems: (1) the usual electromagnetic phenomena in vacuum or in the matter and (2) the deformation of isotropic solid lattices,…