Related papers: Status of Air Shower Simulations
Primary cosmic ray particles above energies of about 100 TeV are investigated by large-area ground based detector installations, observing various components of the development of extensive air-showers (EAS). By such an indirect access to…
Particles in an extended air shower (EAS), initiated by a cosmic ray primary, lead to two nearly simultaneous detections in a scintillator pair. The angle of the EAS and the axis through both scintillators can be reconstructed using the…
The interpretation of extensive air shower (EAS) measurements is strongly dependent on the hadronic interaction models used for simulating reference showers. We study the importance of low-energy hadronic interactions in simulated air…
The experiment KASCADE observes simultaneously the electron-photon, muon, and hadron components of high-energy extensive air showers (EAS). The analysis of EAS observables for an estimate of energy and mass of the primary particle invokes…
Great advances have been made in the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) in the past two decades. These include the discovery of the spectral cut-off near 5 x 10^19 eV and complex structure at lower energies, as well as…
Recent measurements suggest free electrons created in ultra-high energy cosmic ray extensive air showers (EAS) can interact with neutral air molecules producing Bremsstrahlung radiation in the microwave regime. The microwave radiation…
Recently, the energy determination of extensive air showers using radio emission has been shown to be both precise and accurate. In particular, radio detection offers the opportunity for an independent measurement of the absolute energy…
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays can be measured through the detection of radio-frequency radiation from air showers. The radio-frequency emission originates from deflections of the air-shower particles in the geomagnetic field and from a…
The investigation of cosmic rays holds significant importance in the realm of particle physics, enabling us to expand our understanding beyond atomic confines. However, the origin and characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays remain…
Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and…
Applying the recently constructed analytic representation for the pp scattering amplitudes, we present a study of p-air cross sections, with comparison to the data from Extensive Air Shower (EAS) measurements. The amplitudes describe with…
Detection of (ultra-) high-energy cosmic rays with the use of radio frequency emission from extensive air showers has been proven as complimentary to existing ground array detection techniques. Great progress has been made in the…
Accurate prediction of the radio emission from cosmic ray air showers relies on computationally demanding Monte Carlo simulations such as CoREAS. We aim to expedite this process via a semi-analytical synthesis model while maintaining high…
Measurements of the products of UHECR interactions with the Earth's atmosphere, as obtained in Extended Air Shower experiments, offer important information concerning hadronic interactions, which for some aspects overlaps and for many…
All-atom simulations can provide molecular-level insights into the dynamics of gas-phase, condensed-phase and surface processes. One important requirement is a sufficiently realistic and detailed description of the underlying intermolecular…
The Pierre Auger Observatory has been collecting data in a stable manner since January 2004. We present here a study of the cosmic ray composition using events recorded in hybrid mode during the first years of data taking. These are air…
The article considers events recorded in an experiment with X-ray emulsion chambers (XREC) to study the trunks of extensive air showers (EAS) with energies of nuclei of primary cosmic radiation (PCR) E0 > 100 TeV, which currently have no…
We have analysed arrival times of extensive air showers (EAS) registered with the EAS-1000 prototype array during the period from August, 1997 till February, 1999. Our analysis has revealed that though the vast majority of samples of…
The interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with the atoms of the atmosphere can occur at center-of-mass energies that surpass 100 TeV, while present human-made accelerators go up to 13 TeV. Therefore it provides a unique…
A general approach to a fast simulation of electromagnetic showers using parameterizations of the longitudinal and radial profiles in homogeneous and sampling calorimeters is described. The dependence of the shower development on the…