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It is shown that the structure of thermodynamics is "form invariant", when it is derived using maximum entropy principle for various choices of entropy and even beyond equilibrium. By the form invariance of thermodynamics, it is meant that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-12 Avijit Misra , Uttam Singh , Manabendra Nath Bera , A. K. Rajagopal

We discuss contributions to the thermopower in an electron fluid. A simple argument based on Newton's second law with the pressure gradient as the force suggests that the thermopower is given by a thermodynamic derivative, viz., the entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-22 J. Amarel , D. Belitz , T. R. Kirkpatrick

The laws of thermodynamics, despite their wide range of applicability, are known to break down when systems are correlated with their environments. Here, we generalize thermodynamics to physical scenarios which allow presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-06 Manabendra Nath Bera , Arnau Riera , Maciej Lewenstein , Andreas Winter

We generalize the second law of thermodynamics in its maximum work formulation for a nonequilibrium initial distribution. It is found that in an isothermal process, the Boltzmann relative entropy (H-function) is not just a Lyapunov function…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 H. -H. Hasegawa , J. Ishikawa , K. Takara , D. J. Driebe

Late-time cosmic acceleration has motivated the exploration of various extensions of general relativity, among which $f(Q,\mathcal{T})$ gravity, based on the non-metricity scalar $Q$ and the trace of the energy--momentum tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 Anirudh Pradhan , A. Husain , M. Zeyauddin , S. H. Shekh

Thermodynamic relations are derived from first principles of mechanics for non-equilibrium processes. Since the key role herein is played by the law of increase of entropy, the latter is analyzed at first. It is shown that its derivation…

chao-dyn · Physics 2008-02-03 J. Kumicak , X. de Hemptinne

We derive general expressions for the free energy, entropy production and entropy extraction rates for a Brownian particle that walks in a viscous medium where the dynamics of its motion is governed by the Langevin equation. It is shown…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-09-14 Mesfin Asfaw Taye

Fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics are powerful relations constraining the behavior of out-of-equilibrium systems. While there exist generalizations of these relations to feedback controlled quantum systems, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Kacper Prech , Patrick P. Potts

The explanation of the apparent universality of thermodynamics points toward the extension of the usual conceptual background of the second law. Arguments are collected that a basic guiding idea of stability of thermodynamic equilibrium…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-07-23 P. Ván

Thermodynamics is usually developed starting from entropy and the maximum entropy principle. We investigate here to what extent one can replace entropy with relative entropy which has several advantages, for example in the context of local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-17 Stefan Floerchinger , Tobias Haas

This thesis investigates the connection between quantum theory, thermodynamics and information theory. Theories with structure similar to that of quantum theory are considered, mathematically described by the framework of "Generalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-14 Marius Krumm

In active Brownian motion, an internal propulsion mechanism interacts with translational and rotational thermal noise and other internal fluctuations to produce directed motion. We derive the distribution of its extreme fluctuations and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-04 Patrick Pietzonka , Kevin Kleinbeck , Udo Seifert

We develop non-equilibrium theory by using averages in time and space as a generalized way to upscale thermodynamics in non-ergodic systems. The approach offers a classical perspective on the energy dynamics in fluctuating systems. The rate…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-29 James E. McClure , Steffen Berg , Ryan T. Armstrong

According to classical Boltzmannian thermodynamics, the efficiency of a cyclic machine is strictly lower than one. Such a result is a straightforward consequence of the second principle of thermodynamics. Recent advances in the study of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-03-29 Duccio Fanelli , Giovanni De Ninno , Alessio Turchi

This work focuses on the response to an external field of a Brownian particle submerged in an Ohmic quantum thermal bath. The field only affects the dynamics of the central particle without affecting the thermal reservoir. The thermodynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 Pedro J. Colmenares

A scheme for treating the Second Law of thermodynamics as a constraint and accounting for the approximate nature of constitutive assumptions in continuum thermomechanics is discussed. An unconstrained, concave, variational principle is…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Amit Acharya

We seek here to unify the second law of thermodynamics with the other laws, or at least to put up a law behind the second law of thermodynamics. Assuming no fine tuning, concretely by a random Hamiltonian, we argue just from equations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Holger B. Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

An interesting question to explore in physics classes is whether gravity violates the second law of thermodynamics. Standard physics textbooks provide little to no discussion of the relationship between entropy and gravity, and the same is…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Jorge Pinochet , Giorgio Sonnino

This paper has been withdrawn by the author. For the reason, see the bottom paragraph of this abstract. By generalizing Tasaki's work on the second law of thermodynamics for an adiabatic process between two equilibrium states of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-05-26 Hiroshi Matsuoka

Second law of thermodynamics can be apparently violated for systems whose dynamics depends on acquired information by measurement. However, when one consider measurement and erasure process together along with the system it saves the second…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-08 Shubhashis Rana , A. M. Jayannavar