Related papers: Conjugate-plane photometry: Reducing scintillation…
The direct imaging and characterization of Earth-like planets is among the most sought-after prizes in contemporary astrophysics, however current optical instrumentation delivers insufficient dynamic range to overcome the vast contrast…
Astrometric monitoring of stars provides a promising method for discovery of low-mass planets around nearby Sun-like stars. The astronomical community has proposed several telescopes designed to perform high-precision astrometric…
Ground layer turbulence is a very important site characterization parameter used to assess the quality of an astronomical site. The Lunar Scintillometer is a simple and effective site-testing device for measuring the ground layer…
The detection and characterisation of extra-solar planets is a major theme driving modern astronomy, with the vast majority of such measurements being achieved by Doppler radial-velocity and transit observations. Another technique -- direct…
Context. The spatially coherent multipath propagation of pulsar radiation leads to a temporal and spectral interference patterns called scintillation. It is caused by density variations in the ionized interstellar medium, which often take…
We present low-resolution turbulence profiles of the atmosphere above Dome C, Antarctica, measured with the MASS instrument during 25 nights in March-May 2004. Except for the lowest layer, Dome C has significantly less turbulence than Cerro…
Atmospheric refraction affects to various degrees exoplanet transit, lunar eclipse, as well as stellar occultation observations. Exoplanet retrieval algorithms often use analytical expressions for the column abundance along a ray traversing…
Stellar intensity interferometers correlate photons within their coherence time and could overcome the baseline limitations of existing amplitude interferometers. Intensity interferometers do not rely on phase coherence of the optical…
Astrometric detection and mass determination of Earth-mass exoplanets requires sub-microarcsec accuracy, which is theoretically possible with an imaging space telescope using field stars as an astrometric reference. The measurement must…
In gamma ray imaging, a scintillation crystal is typically used to convert the gamma radiation into visible light. Photosensors are used to transform this light into measurable signals. Several types of photosensors are currently in use…
Intensity interferometry -- the correlation of spatially separated light intensities -- has historically been an important tool for precision optical astronomical observations. However, due to the extremely narrow field of view, its scope…
Imaging of planets is very difficult, due to the glare from their nearby, much brighter suns. Static and slowly-evolving aberrations are the limiting factors, even after application of adaptive optics. The residual speckle pattern is highly…
A key processing step in ground-based astronomy involves combining multiple noisy and blurry exposures to produce an image of the night sky with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Typically, this is achieved via image coaddition, and can be…
The sky subtraction performances of multi-fiber spectrographs are discussed, analysing in detail the case of the OPTOPUS system at the 3.6 meter ESO telescope at La Silla. A standard technique, based on flat-fields obtained with a uniformly…
We introduce a novel technique to mitigate the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence on astronomical imaging. Utilizing a video-to-image neural network trained on simulated data, our method processes a sliding sequence of short-exposure…
The contrast of granulation is an important quantity characterizing solar surface convection. We compare the intensity contrast at 630 nm, observed using the Spectro-Polarimeter (SP) aboard the Hinode satellite, with the 3D radiative MHD…
Interstellar scintillation can be used to probe transverse sizes of radio sources on scales inaccessible to the nominal resolution of any terrestrial telescope, e.g. $\lesssim 10^{-6}$ arc sec. Methodology is presented that exploits this…
Pulsar scintillation allows a glimpse into small-scale plasma structures in the interstellar medium, if we can infer their properties from the scintillation pattern. With Very Long Baseline Interferometry and working in delay-delay rate…
Scintillators convert X-ray energy into visible or near-visible photons, enabling applications in high-energy particle detection and X-ray imaging. Increasing scintillator thickness improves X-ray absorption but degrades spatial resolution…
For a long time, the cloud chamber was the only educational tool available for measuring radiation. In recent years, simple radiation detectors combining scintillators with silicon photomultipliers have become increasingly common for these…