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Scientific inquiry seeks causal explanations of observed phenomena. The Bell experiment provides a paradigmatic case, revealing correlations between spatially separated systems that no local model can reproduce. Such correlations, known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Mark Broom , Talel Naccache , Emmanuel M. Pothos , Christoph Gallus , Pawel Blasiak

Nonlocality arising in networks composed of several independent sources gives rise to phenomena radically different from that in standard Bell scenarios. Over the years, the phenomenon of network nonlocality in the entanglement-swapping…

The inequalities proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 170404 (2010)] are not Bell's inequalities in the usual sense: there are local classical models that violate these inequalities. Thus, their violation demonstrates nonlocality only under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-24 D. Cavalcanti , V. Scarani

The demonstration and use of nonlocality, as defined by Bell's theorem, rely strongly on dealing with non-detection events due to losses and detectors' inefficiencies. Otherwise, the so-called detection loophole could be exploited. The only…

The majority of recent works investigating the link between non-locality and randomness, e.g. in the context of device-independent cryptography, do so with respect to some specific Bell inequality, usually the CHSH inequality. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-23 O. Nieto-Silleras , S. Pironio , J. Silman

Correlations for the Bell gedankenexperiment are constructed using probabilities given by quantum mechanics, and nonlocal information. They satisfy Bell's inequality and exhibit spatial non stationarity in angle. Correlations for three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Louis Sica

We propose here an experimental test of the fair sampling assumption in two-channel EPR-Bell experiments for which the detection loophole holds.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guillaume Adenier , Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

I discuss an experiment demonstrating nonlocality and conservation of energy under the assumption that the decision of the outcome happens at detection. The experiment does not require Bell's inequalities and is loophole-free. I further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-10 Antoine Suarez

Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like…

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf

The demonstration and use of nonlocality, as defined by Bell's theorem, rely strongly on dealing with non-detection events due to losses and detector inefficiencies. Otherwise, the so-called detection loophole could be exploited. The only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Gilles Pütz , Nicolas Gisin

Quantum steering allows two parties to verify shared entanglement even if one measurement device is untrusted. A conclusive demonstration of steering through the violation of a steering inequality is of considerable fundamental interest and…

Bell experiment in the network gives rise to a form of quantum nonlocality which is conceptually different from traditional multipartite Bell nonlocality. Conventional multipartite Bell experiment features a single source that distributes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Sneha Munshi , A. K. Pan

In a recent paper published in PNAS authors prove that locality and free choice are equivalent resources which need to be relaxed in order to fully reproduce some statistics in Bell experiments (while always maintaining realism). We explain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Marian Kupczynski

We study multipartite Bell nonlocality in a framework native of multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering scenarios with a single trusted measurement device. We derive a closed-form necessary and sufficient criterion for systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 M. M. Taddei , R. V. Nery , L. Aolita

We show two experimental realizations of Hardy ladder test of quantum nonlocality using energy-time correlated photons, following the scheme proposed by A. Cabello \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{102}, 040401 (2009)]. Unlike,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-20 G. Vallone , I. Gianani , E. B. Inostroza , C. Saavedra , G. Lima , A. Cabello , P. Mataloni

We give strong analytic and numerical evidence that, under mild measurement assumptions, two qubits cannot both be recycled to generate Bell nonlocality between multiple independent observers on each side. This is surprising, as under the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Shuming Cheng , Lijun Liu , Travis J. Baker , Michael J. W. Hall

The assumption of free will - the ability of an experimentalist to make random choices - is central to proving the indeterminism of quantum resources, the primary tool in quantum cryptography. Relaxing the assumption in a Bell test allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-30 James E. Pope , Alastair Kay

Bell nonlocality without input settings, e.g. in the triangle network, has been perceived to be particularly fragile, with low robustness to noise in physical implementations. Here we show to the contrary that nonlocality based on N00N…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Tamás Kriváchy , Martin Kerschbaumer

Imperfect detection efficiency remains one of the major obstacles in achieving loophole-free Bell tests over long distances. At the same time, the challenge of establishing a common reference frame for measurements becomes more pronounced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Paweł Cieśliński , Tamás Vértesi , Mateusz Kowalczyk , Wiesław Laskowski